Real-time simulation of physically based on-surface flow

Although many papers have been published in the field of fluid simulation, little attention has been paid to on-surface flow involving wetting and stain transportation as well as erosion and deposition phenomena. In this paper, we introduce nonzero divergence in the mass equation of Navier–Stokes equations to simulate water penetration from on-surface flow into substrate material. Also, the volume of fluid method is adopted to track the free surface. With a computation of the actual amount of absorbed water we render the wetting effects with fully dry and fully wet texture images simultaneously. Using our model, the on-surface flow that accompanies water absorption can be simulated realistically in real time with OpenGL preview rendering. Experimental results illustrate that our model can be widely applied to solve various problems related to on-surface flow.     

Studies on the Catalysis by Lithium Perchlorate of Reactions of Aromatic Amines with Diethyl Azodicarboxylate and Naphtalen-2-ol with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione

The ene-like reaction of naphtalen-1-ylamine and naphtalen-2-ylamine, and pyridin-2-ylamine with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) as well as that of naphthalen-2-ol with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-trizoline-3,5-dione is catalyzed by lithium perchlorate. Also conversion of ester function of (DEAD) to amide function in reaction with 2-aminopyridine and further rearrangement of ethyl N-pyridyn-2-ylcarbamoylazoformate into ethyl pyridin-2-ylcarbamate are catalyzed by LiClO₄.     

Demonstration of a word design strategy for DNA computing on surfaces

A strategy for DNA computing on surfaces using linked sets of 'DNA words' that are short oligonucleotides (16mers) is proposed. The 16mer words have the format 5'-FFFFvvvvvvvvFFFF-3' in which 4-8 bits of data are stored in 8 variable ('v') base locations, and the remaining fixed ('F') base locations are used as a word label. Using a template and map strategy, a set of 108 8mers each of which possesses at least a 4 base mismatch with the complements to all the other members of the set (4bm complements) are identified for use as a variable base sequence set. In addition, sets of 4 and 12 word labels of the form ABCD....DCBA that are respectively 8bm and 6bm complements with each other are identified. The 16mers are chosen to have a G/C content of 50% in order to make the thermodynamic stability of the perfectly matched hybridized DNA duplexes similar; a simple pairwise additive method is used to estimate the perfect match and mismatch hybridization thermodynamics. A series of preliminary experiments are presented that use small arrays of 16mers attached to chemically modified gold surfaces and fluorescently labeled complements to study the hybridization adsorption and enzymatic manipulation of the oligonucleotides.     

Human leucocyte antigen-DQA1, -DQB1 polymorphism distribution in Shanghai Chinese women with pregnancy induced hypertension]

Our objective was to determine if maternal urinary calcium excretion is altered during treatment of mild preeclampsia remote from term with the calcium channel blocker nifedipine. One hundred forty-eight women with mild preeclampsia were randomly allocated to treatment with either bed rest alone (n=64) or in combination with nifedipine (n=84) at 26-36 weeks' gestation. All women had 24 hr urine samples collected for creatinine clearance and calcium excretion determination prior to therapy and during treatment. There was no difference in gestational age at the time of urine collection between the two groups. There were no differences in 24-hr creatinine clearance and calcium excretion between the groups prior to therapy. When followed longitudinally, there was a significant reduction in calcium excretion within each group (p=0.0005 control group, p <0.0001 nifedipine group). Further, a significant reduction in calcium excretion was noted following nifedipine therapy (62+/-94 mg Ca/24 hr) compared to the control group (143+/-153 mg Ca/24 hr), p <0.001. Consistent with previous studies, we have shown that progressive hypocalciuria is a feature of preeclampsia. Further, urinary calcium excretion decreased despite nifedipine therapy. Altered urinary calcium excretion may be less reflective of the progression in severity of preeclampsia in patients treated with nifedipine.     

Epstein-Barr virus uses HLA class II as a cofactor for infection of B lymphocytes

Infection of B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) requires attachment of virus via binding of viral glycoprotein gp350 to CD21 on the cell surface. Penetration of the cell membrane additionally involves a complex of three glycoproteins, gH, gL, and gp42. Glycoprotein gp42 binds to HLA-DR. Interference with this interaction with a soluble form of gp42, with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to gp42, or with a MAb to HLA-DR inhibited virus infection. It was not possible to superinfect cells that failed to express HLA-DR unless expression was restored by transfection or creation of hybrid cell lines with complementing deficiencies in expression of HLA class II. HLA class II molecules thus serve as cofactors for infection of human B cells.     

Gamma interferon is not essential in host defense against disseminated candidiasis in mice

Apoptosis is well known to be mediated by oxidative stress. To evaluate the functional role of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) produced by neutrophils, we compared the rates of apoptosis in neutrophils isolated from normal donors and from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a hereditary defect in ROI production. Spontaneous cell death in CGD neutrophils in vitro was significantly inhibited relative to normal neutrophils. The acceleration of apoptosis induced by anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (MoAb) in CGD neutrophils was much slower than that seen in normal neutrophils. These findings suggest that the apoptosis of neutrophils may be mediated by endogenous oxidative products. This suggestion was confirmed by observation that apoptosis of normal neutrophils was markedly inhibited by reduction of intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The inhibition of apoptosis in normal neutrophils by adding catalase occurred regardless of the presence of anti-Fas MoAb. H2O2 increased both spontaneous apoptosis and Fas-mediated apoptosis of the CGD neutrophils in proportion to that seen in normal neutrophils. Although several factors that mediate the apoptosis of neutrophils remain to be determined, these results suggest that ROI are major mediators of the apoptosis in neutrophils and may be involved in Fas-mediated signal transduction pathway.     

Effect of pregnenolone sulfate on delayed rectifier K+ channel in pyramidial neuron of cerebral cortex

The possible preventive effect of Kampo medicine Hange-shashin-to (TJ-14) on chronic diarrheal symptoms induced by the administration of the anticancer agent irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) was investigated in the rat. Repeated oral administrations of TJ-14 at 125 and 500 mg/kg significantly prevented the reduction in body weight and the onset of chronic diarrheal symptoms due to CPT-11 in a dose-dependent manner, even though it failed to show a definite effect on acute diarrheal symptoms. In addition, treatment with TJ-14 accelerated the healing of the intestinal tract injured by repeated dosing of CPT-11 and inhibited significantly the increase of colonic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which is closely related to the onset of diarrhea. TJ-14 also improved colonic water absorption impaired by repeated dosing of CPT-11 in rats. These results demonstrate that TJ-14 is an effective medicine for the prevention and/or treatment of CPT-11-induced chronic diarrheal symptoms.     

遥测地震仪发展水平综述

为了适应高分辨率地震勘探的需要，各种遥测地震仪应声而出，并已广泛应用于三维勘探中。文章简要介绍了遥测地震发展的必要性，它所具有的优越性以及发展水平，并通过对几种遥测地震仪主要技术指标的对比，为各油田的勘探队伍在配备地震勘探仪器时提出几点建议。     

A study of slotline leaky-wave antennas

The results of an experimental investigation of several millimeter-wave slotline leaky-wave antennas at 94 GHz are given. The experimental results show how variations in the transverse slot geometry affect the radiation pattern. Additionally, slot geometry variations also change the polarization performance of the antenna. The narrow transverse slot array was more sensitive to a perpendicularly (E_y-E_z) polarized electric field than the wide slot case. Also, the change in the effective phase constant along the antenna with changing slot dimensions caused a noticeable shift in the angle of the main beams. However, the beamwidths for all cases remained about the same. A simple model is presented to explain this. For designing an antenna of this form, the effective phase constant, β, can be approximately determined using a numerical analysis of the uniform slot problem. Given β and the operating frequency and the scanning ranges, the element spacing can be determined. The attenuation constant does not change much when the transverse slot widths are varied. If greater sensitivity to an E _y-E_z polarized wave is desired, the transverse slots should be narrow