Natural Plant Materials as Dielectric Layer for Highly Sensitive Flexible Electronic Skin

Nature has long offered human beings with useful materials. Herein, plant materials including flowers and leaves have been directly used as the dielectric material in flexible capacitive electronic skin (e‐skin), which simply consists of a dried flower petal or leaf sandwiched by two flexible electrodes. The plant material is a 3D cell wall network which plays like a compressible metamaterial that elastically collapses upon pressing plus some specific surface structures, and thus the device can sensitively respond to pressure. The device works over a broad‐pressure range from 0.6 Pa to 115 kPa with a maximum sensitivity of 1.54 kPa^?1, and shows high stability over 5000 cyclic pressings or bends. The natural‐material‐based e‐skin has been applied in touch sensing, motion monitoring, gas flow detection, and the spatial distribution of pressure. As the foam‐like structure is ubiquitous in plants, a general strategy for a green, cost‐effective, and scalable approach to make flexible e‐skins is offered here.     

Numerical and experimental investigations in electromagnetic riveting with different rivet dies

In this work, the numerical simulations and electromagnetic riveting (EMR) experiments were conducted to investigate microstructure evolution and the forming mechanism of adiabatic shear bands (ASBs). And the effects of rivet dies on microstructure distributions in formed heads and mechanical properties of riveted structures were systematically explored. The impact velocity and deformation distribution results demonstrated that the proposed numerical method was accurate and reliable. The simulation results showed the slope angle of rivet dies notably affected the plastic flow of materials, and then determined the microstructure distribution in formed heads. The combined effects of inhomogeneous plastic flow and thermal softening were accounted for the forming of ASBs. The formed heads had two obvious ASBs (upper and lower ASB) for the 40° rivet die and flat rivet die. The formed heads only had the lower ASB and no clear upper for the 60° rivet die and 80° rivet die. The pull-out test results showed that the specific rivet die could improve the mechanical properties of the EMR joints, which contribute to the engineering applications of EMR riveted structures.     

Emergence of photoluminescence on bulk MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> by laser thinning and gold particle decoration

We demonstrate a facile and effective approach to significantly improve the photoluminescence of bulk MoS₂ via laser thinning followed by gold particle decoration. Upon laser thinning of exfoliated bulk MoS₂, photoluminescence emerges from the laser-thinned region. After further treatment with an AuCl₃ solution, gold particles self-assemble on the laser-thinned region and thick edges, further increasing the fluorescence of bulk MoS₂ 28 times and the Raman response 3 times. Such fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to both surface plasmon resonance and p-type doping induced by gold particles. The combination of laser thinning and AuCl₃ treatment enables the functionalization of bulk MoS₂ for optoelectronic applications. It can also provide a viable strategy for mask-free and area-selective p-type doping on single MoS₂ flakes.

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Ultra-dense planar metallic nanowire arrays with extremely large anisotropic optical and magnetic properties

A nanofabrication method for the production of ultra-dense planar metallic nanowire arrays scalable to wafer-size is presented. The method is based on an efficient template deposition process to grow diverse metallic nanowire arrays with extreme regularity in only two steps. First, III–V semiconductor substrates are irradiated by a low-energy ion beam at an elevated temperature, forming a highly ordered nanogroove pattern by a “reverse epitaxy” process due to self-assembly of surface vacancies. Second, diverse metallic nanowire arrays (Au, Fe, Ni, Co, FeAl alloy) are fabricated on these III–V templates by deposition at a glancing incidence angle. This method allows for the fabrication of metallic nanowire arrays with periodicities down to 45 nm scaled up to wafer-size fabrication. As typical noble and magnetic metals, the Au and Fe nanowire arrays produced here exhibited large anisotropic optical and magnetic properties, respectively. The excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of the Au nanowire arrays resulted in a high electric field enhancement, which was used to detect phthalocyanine (CoPc) in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Furthermore, the Fe nanowire arrays showed a very high in-plane magnetic anisotropy of approximately 412 mT, which may be the largest in-plane magnetic anisotropy field yet reported that is solely induced via shape anisotropy within the plane of a thin film.

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Heterogeneous Fenton-like discoloration of methyl orange using Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/MWCNTs as catalyst: combination mechanism and affecting parameters

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can act not only as a support for Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) but also as a coworker with synergistic effect, accordingly improving the heterogeneous Fenton-like efficiency of Fe₃O₄ NPs. In this study, Fe₃O₄ NPs were in situ anchored onto MWCNTs by a moderate co-precipitation method and the as-prepared Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs nanocomposites were employed as the highly efficient Fenton-like catalysts. The analyses of XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, TEM and HRTEM results indicated the formation of Fe₃O₄ crystals in Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs nanocomposites prepared at different conditions and the interaction between Fe₃O₄ NPs and MWCNTs. Over a wide pH range, the surface of modified MWCNTs possessed negative charges. Based on these results, the possible combination mechanism between Fe₃O₄ NPs and MWCNTs was discussed and proposed. Moreover, the effects of preparation and catalytic conditions on the Fenton-like catalytic efficiency were investigated in order to gain further insight into the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs nanocomposites.     

Peptidyl Virus-Like Nanovesicles as Reconfigurable “Trojan Horse” for Targeted siRNA Delivery and Synergistic Inhibition of Cancer Cells

The self-assembly of peptidyl virus-like nanovesicles (pVLNs) composed of highly ordered peptide bilayer membranes that encapsulate the small interfering RNA (siRNA) is reported. The targeting and enzyme-responsive sequences on the bilayer's surface allow the pVLNs to enter cancer cells with high efficiency and control the release of genetic drugs in response to the subcellular environment. By transforming its structure in response to the highly expressed enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) in cancer cells, it helps the siRNA escape from the lysosomes, resulting in a final silencing efficiency of 92%. Moreover, the pVLNs can serve as reconfigurable “Trojan horse” by transforming into membranes triggered by the MMP-7 and disrupting the cytoplasmic structure, thereby achieving synergistic anticancer effects and 96% cancer cell mortality with little damage to normal cells. The pVLNs benefit from their biocompatibility, targeting, and enzyme responsiveness, making them a promising platform for gene therapy and anticancer therapy.     

便携式危险气体报警器的研究与设计

通过测定瓦斯的主要成分甲烷的浓度来间接测量瓦斯浓度是解决目前我国煤矿瓦斯事故多发的有效途径;但大多数测定瓦斯浓度的设备具有体积大、难移动的缺点;针对以上情况,基于对MSP430系列单片机超低功耗和片内外设丰富的特点的深入了解和研究,设计了以甲烷为被检测气体,以MSP430F135为微控制器的便携式危险气体报警器;通过它能够实时监测矿井中甲烷的浓度,并在浓度超过报警上限值时启动蜂鸣、闪光和振动为一体的报警功能;其声、光和震动三为一体的报警功能具有鲜明的独创性和重要性。     

某型探空火箭组合导航系统设计

为解决某型探宅火箭由于无控制系统造成的毪行弹道偏差及落点散布较大的问题,提出由MIMU/GPS组合导航设备、液体姿控发动机、飞控计算机等组成的低成本简控系统方案;组合导航算法采用速度位置间接匹配、反馈校正的Kalman滤波组合法;组合导航设备选用TMS32C67完成导航算法实时解算及信息融合,CPLD完成MIMU及温度传感器的数据采集,MCS51单片机完成GPS板的串口通信;数学仿真结果表明:在475s飞行时间内,火箭姿态控制精度不大于1°,飞行轨迹与理想弹道基本重合,相比原无控火箭有很大改善.     

基于预测模型的模糊-PID控制及仿真研究

针对电加热锅炉夹套温度控制的大滞后、时变性等特点,设计了基于预测模型的模糊-PID(Fuzzy-PID)控制器.在Matlab中实现了Fuzzy-PID控制的仿真,通过仿真可看到加入了模糊控制规则的控制器比常规PID控制器响应更迅速,且抗扰动能力增强.建立了预测模型,利用模糊规则调整预测模型系数K值,使加入预测模型的F...