阔大货物装载方案中超限自动识别方法

为了改善阔大货物运输安全,提高铁路货物运输效率,开发了一种铁路阔大货物运输超限自动识别系统该自动识别系统利用阔大货物三视图,结合阔大货物运输车辆,在综合分析货物三维空间结构与铁路限界几何关系的基础上,实现阔大货物超限自动识别技术．该系统可以帮助货物运输前选车,并对货物超限等级做出预先判断,保证货物运输的安全性．     

Resin-silica composite nanoparticle grafted polyethylene membranes for lithium ion batteries

To avoid the peeling-off of ceramic nanoparticles (NPs) from polyolefin membranes usually occurred in commercially available ceramic NPs coated polyolefin separators for lithium batteries, we propose a simple one-pot in-situ reaction method to modify commercial polyethylene (PE) separators by surface grafting 3-Aminophenol/formaldehyde (AF)/silica (SiO₂) composite NPs. The AF/SiO₂ composite NPs form self-supporting connected pores on the modified layer of the separator surface, which ensures the transportation of Li⁺. Moreover, the PE@AF/SiO₂ separators has higher electrolyte wettability and compatibility than neat PE separators attributed to the plentiful polar functional groups in the AF/SiO₂ layer and AF/SiO₂ composite NPs, resulting in higher lithium ion transference number (= 0.62) and ionic conductivity (σ = 0.722 mS cm⁻¹). More importantly, the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate and coulombic efficiency (136.2 mA h g⁻¹, 87.9% and 99%, respectively) after 200 cycles of Li|NMC half batteries with PE@AF/SiO₂ separators, are all more excellent than that with the pure PE separator (125 mA h g⁻¹, 83.1% and 85%, respectively). Our results show that the PE@AF/SiO₂ separators obtained by this modification method have higher electrochemical stability in the lithium battery system.     

Enhancement of post-annealing stability in Co/Ni multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by Au insertion layers

Enhancement of post-annealing stability in Co/Ni multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) was obtained by inserting Au layers into Ni/Co interfaces.After annealing at 350℃,the effective magnetic anisotropy density(K_(eff)) for Ta(3)/Pt(2)/[Co(0.3)/Ni(0.6)/Au(0.3)]×_3/Co(0.3)/Pt(l)/Ta(3)(in nm) keeps at0.48 ×10~5 J·m~(-3).Scanning transmission electron microscopy-high-angle annular dark field(STEM-HAADF)analysis shows that the diffusion between Ni and Co layers is obstructed by the Au insertion layers among them,which is responsible for the post-annealing stability enhancement of the multilayers.Multilayers with Pt insertion layers were also investigated as reference samples in this work.Compared with Pt-layer-inserted Co/Ni multilayers,the Au insertion layers are found to bring seldom interfacial PMA to the multilayers,making it competitive in being employed to enhance the post-annealing stability of PMA Co/Ni multilayers which are used for magnetic random access memory devices(MRAM).     

小型西瓜果实内部糖度分布及其影响因素研究

目的 对小型西瓜的糖度值分布及其影响因素进行定量分析研究, 建立快速、有效、精确的近红外光谱西瓜糖度的光谱检测模型。方法 沿西瓜花纹和垂直花纹两个方向将其五等分, 每个等分层上平均设置13个检测点, 对糖度分布进行检测和分析。结果 西瓜的糖度主要沿西瓜花纹分布, 两侧糖度值低, 中间三层糖度值接近, 第三和第四层的糖度值与西瓜总糖度值密切相关, 线性回归方程R2值分别为0.963和0.968。沿西瓜花纹进行等分后, 每个等分层的糖度值围绕西瓜总糖度上下波动, 浅层区域的糖度值与西瓜总糖度值具有较高的相关性。此外, 沿着西瓜纹路方向等分的半个西瓜的糖度值与整个西瓜的糖度值线性相关度R2达到0.934。结论 小型西瓜内部糖度分布具有一定的规律, 中间三层及浅层区域与西瓜总糖度值有较高相关性, 沿着西瓜纹路方向等分的半个西瓜可以用来预测整个西瓜的糖度值。     

西瓜内部透射光传播模型的建立

目的 建立光在西瓜内部传播的模型。方法 采用长与宽均为100 mm的西瓜样本块, 测量西瓜样本不同高度的光谱, 对光谱值进行积分后得到照度值, 用照度值建立符合平方反比定律的回归模型。结果 样本的照度值与回归模型预测得到的照度值相关系数均在0.89以上。结论 西瓜样本内部光的衰减波段主要集中在720~820 nm之间; 点光源照射西瓜样本时, 光在西瓜内部的光传播符合平方反比定律。     

基于STC89C52单片机的可控旋转视觉试验台的设计

为实现对物体的不同角度、不同位置、不同速度的拍照,设计了一种基于STC89C52单片机的可控旋转视觉试验台.试验台由系统软件及硬件共同组成,实现了试验台角度的调节,正反转的控制、速度的控制.将两个CCD摄像机摆放在试验台的两侧,通过对试验台的控制,然后按照既定的条件触发摄像机拍照,将获得的图片传输至图像处理分析软件中进行分析处理.     

云南高山普洱茶渥堆过程滋味和汤色品质的动态变化研究

摘 要：目的 探究云南高山普洱茶渥堆过程滋味和汤色品质的动态变化。方法 采用云南省高海拔地区生产的普洱茶为研究样本,通过理化成分测定、色差测定和感官审评的方法对普洱茶渥堆过程中主要品质成分及茶汤色差值变化进行分析,并结合相关性分析探讨了相应指标与滋味、汤色品质之间的关系。结果 在整个渥堆过程中,茶多酚、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、水浸出物、儿茶素等物质含量均显著降低,咖啡碱含量变化不明显。以茶多酚为主体,生成的茶黄素和茶红素含量先升后降,茶褐素含量显著增加。渥堆过程中,茶汤 L*（明亮度）逐渐降低,红（a*）和黄（b*）色调增强。相关性分析结果显示,茶多酚、大多数儿茶素、水浸出物等物质与滋味品质呈负相关,茶褐素可以正向促进普洱茶的滋味和汤色品质。结论 茶多酚和茶褐素是普洱茶渥堆过程中滋味和汤色品质形成的关键因子。     

Synthesis of titania microspheres with hierarchical structures and high photocatalytic activity by using nonanoic acid as the structure-directing agent

The titania, as the heterogeneous photocatalyst, has attracted much attention in attempts to eliminate pollutants, especially organic compounds in water and air. In this study, the titania microspheres with hierarchical structures were prepared by a combined sol–gel and solvothermal method. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) result indicated that the synthesized titania microspheres were of anatase phase. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) showed that the microspheres with well-dispersity had an average diameter of 651 nm and were composed of nanoparticles with about 20 nm in diameter. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results showed that the microspheres possessed high surface areas and lots of mesopores. Further study indicated that the synthesized titania microspheres exhibited high photocatalytic activity and had an important advantage over the commercial P25.     

Sorption of nitrate onto amine-crosslinked wheat straw: characteristics, column sorption and desorption properties

The nitrate removal process was evaluated using a fixed-bed column packed with amine-crosslinked wheat straw (AC-WS). Column sorption and desorption characteristics of nitrate were studied extensively. Solid-state (13)C NMR and zeta potential analysis validated the existence of crosslinked amine groups in AC-WS. Raman shift of the nitrate peaks suggested the electrostatic attraction between the adsorbed ions and positively charged amine sites. The column sorption capacity (q(ed)) of the AC-WS for nitrate was 87.27 mg g(-1) in comparison with the raw WS of 0.57 mg g(-1). Nitrate sorption in column was affected by bed height, influent nitrate concentration, flow rate and pH, and of all these, influent pH demonstrated an essential effect on the performance of the column. In addition, desorption and dynamic elution tests were repeated for several cycles, with high desorption rate and slight losses in its initial column sorption capacity.     

流式细胞术在双壳贝类免疫研究中的应用

双壳贝类作为重要的水产品经济物种和生态指示物种在全球范围内得到广泛养殖,由于其具有重要的经济价值及在生态毒理学中的环境指示作用,其免疫能力逐渐受到越来越多的关注。双壳贝类先天免疫的主要参与者是血细胞,血细胞参与细胞凋亡、吞噬、抗氧化和免疫黏附等细胞免疫,同时还能分泌大量的溶菌酶、细胞因子、补体系统、抗菌肽等参与双壳贝类的体液免疫,因此,血细胞参数如细胞活力、吞噬能力、粘附能力、总循环血细胞计数、过氧化物酶活性等的检测成为探索双壳贝类免疫研究的重要内容。流式细胞术(flow cytometry, FCM)以其高效、快速、高灵敏度、客观性强等特点成为双壳贝类免疫功能研究的重要手段。本文结合国内外近年来关于流式细胞术在双壳贝类免疫研究中的应用,介绍了FCM的发展历史、双壳贝类免疫学的研究进展及FCM在双壳贝类免疫研究的应用,同时,讨论了流式细胞术在进行贝类总血细胞计数、细胞分类、吞噬作用、细胞凋亡等免疫参数的检测中的应用进展 。提出流式细胞术在处理和检测样品中凾待解决的问题及对未来流式细胞术作为贝类免疫参数检测技术发展展望,以期流式细胞术在未来贝类免疫学的进一步研究中发挥重要作用。