Optimization of fused fuzzy systems via genetic algorithms

In this paper, the problem of optimization of fused fuzzy systems via genetic algorithms is addressed. The proposed architecture separates a large fuzzy rule optimization problem into a series of more manageable and smaller problems through rule-table transformation. The algorithm is applied to the cart-pole system to demonstrate its characteristics     

Decreased antidiuretic response in diabetes insipidus during prolonged treatment with carbamazepine presumably due to enzym-induction

Carbamazepine (CA)-induced antidiuresis and fluorescence in urinary cortisol assay was compared during short-term and prolonged treatment in 3 patients with pituitary diabetes insipidus. The fluorescence induced by excreted CA-metabolite(s) (probably CA-10-11 epoxide and its derivatives) was used for the rough clinical estimation of the rate of metabolic elimination of the drug. A marked decrease was observed both in the antidiuretic response induced by CA and excretion of CA metabolite(s) during prolonged treatment - with a fixed dose of CA. These findings suggest that diminishing antidiuretic effectiveness might be due to auto-induction of CA. Auto-induction of CA may explain the delay in improvement of renal concentrating operation in patients with DI during long-term treatment with fixed doses of CA. Another clinical consequence of this mechanism may be the prevention of the development of water intoxication in neuro-psychiatric patients undergoing chronic treatment with CA.     

Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphic trap analyses of the Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic reservoir in the Kopeh Dagh-Amu Darya Basin

Lower Cretaceous Shurijeh–Shatlyk Formations host some of the main reservoirs in the Kopeh Dagh-Amu Darya Basin.Exploration in this area so far has focused on the development of structural traps, but recognition of stratigraphic traps in this area is of increasing importance. Integration of 3D seismic data with borehole data from thirteen wells and five outcrop sections was used to identify potential reservoir intervals and survey the hydrocarbon trap types in the East Kopeh Dagh Foldbelt(NE Iran). Analyses of horizontal slices indicated that the lower Shurijeh was deposited in a braided fluvial system.Generally, three types of channel were identified in the lower Shurijeh Formation: type 1, which is low-sinuosity channels interpreted to be filled with non-reservoir fine-grained facies; type 2, which is a moderately sinuous sand-filled channel with good prospectively; and type 3, which is narrow, high sinuosity channel filled with fine-grained sediments. Results indicate that upper Shurijeh–Shatlyk Formations were deposited in fluvial to delta and shallow marine environments. The identified delta forms the second reservoir zone in the Khangiran Field. Study of the stratigraphic aspects of the Shurijeh succession indicates that both lower and upper Shurijeh reservoirs are stratigraphic reservoir traps that improved during folding.     

Application of meshless local integral equations for two-dimensional transient coupled hygrothermoelasticity analysis: Moisture and thermoelastic wave propagations under shock loading

This work develops the application of meshless local integral equations based on the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method for two-dimensional (2D) coupled hygrothermoelasticity analysis. A unit Heaviside step function is used as the test function in the local weak forms. The analyzed domain is divided into some small subdomains with a circular shape. The radial basis functions are used for approximation of the spatial variation of field variables. For discretization of time variations, the Laplace transform technique is used. The moisture concentration diffuses through 2D domain with a finite speed similar to thermoelastic waves. The propagation of moisture diffusion, temperature, and elastic waves is obtained and discussed at various time instants. The MLPG method has a high capability to track the moisture diffusion, elastic and thermal wave fronts at every arbitrary time instant in 2D domain. The distribution profiles of moisture concentration, temperature, and displacements along two orthogonal directions are illustrated at various time instants.     

Efficient repairing effect of PEG based tri-block copolymer on mechanically damaged PC12 cells and isolated spinal cord

Membrane sealing effects of polymersomes made of tri-block copolymer, PEG-co-FA/SC-co-PEG, (PFSP) were studied on isolated spinal cord strips, PC12 cell lines and artificial bilayer following mechanical impact implemented by aneurism clip, sonication and electric shock, respectively. The homogeneity and size of PFSP, membrane permeability and cell viability were assessed by dynamic light scattering, LDH release and MTT assays. According to the results, the biocompatible, physico-chemical, size, surface charge and amphipathic nature of PFSP polymersome makes it an ideal macromolecule to rapidly reseal damaged membranes of cells in injured spinal cord as well as in culture medium. Compound action potentials recorded from intentionally damaged spinal cord strips incubated with PFSP showed restoration of neural excitability by 82.24 % and conduction velocity by 96.72 % after 5 min that monitored in real time. Thus, they triggered efficient instant and sustained sealing of membrane and reactivation of temporarily inactivated axons. Treatment of ultrasonically damaged PC12 cells by PFSP caused efficient cell membrane repair and led to their increased viability. The optimum effects of PFSP on stabilization and impermeabilizing of the lipid bilayer occurred at the same concentrations applied to the damaged cells and spinal cord fibers and was approved by restoration of membrane conductance and calcein release manifested by NanoDrop technique. The unique physico-chemical characteristics of novel polymersomes introduced here, make them capable to reorganize membrane lipid molecules, reseal the breaches and restore the hydrophobic insulation in spinal cord damaged cells. Thus, they might be considered in the clinical treatment of SCI at early stages.     

Automatic computer-aided caries detection from dental x-ray images using intelligent level set

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Dental diseases have high risk of affection across the globe and mostly in adult population. The analysis of dental X-ray images has some difficulties in...     

A period of anaerobic exercise increases the accumulation of reactive carbonyl derivatives in the lungs of rats

Compartment syndrome is caused by an increase in intracompartmental pressure above the capillary level, preventing capillary flow. The acute onset of symptoms occurs after events such as fracture, soft tissue trauma, and revascularization and usually necessitates prompt fasciotomy to avoid loss of function or even necrosis of the enclosed muscle. Compartment syndromes in athletes are of a recurrent nature and are usually referred to as chronic. Nonoperative treatment is often successful. Although compartment syndromes can occur in several anatomic regions, the most commonly seen in athletes involve the leg. Chronic compartment syndromes of the upper extremity are rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. The intracompartmental pressures causing chronic symptoms in these cases ranged between 22 mm Hg at rest and 40 mm Hg after 30 minutes of exercise. Under maximal contraction, a pressure of 58 mm Hg has been recorded. The object of this paper is to report a case of a tennis player where much higher flexor-pronator muscle intracompartmental pressures than those noted above were recorded. We compared the intracompartmental pressure data of this patient with intracompartmental pressures measured in six symptom-free volunteers.     

Gravitational search algorithm–optimized neural misuse detector with selected features by fuzzy grids–based association rules mining

Feature selection is one of the most important techniques for data preprocessing in classification problems. In this paper, fuzzy grids–based association rules mining, as an effective data mining technique, is used for feature selection in misuse detection application in computer networks. The main idea of this algorithm is to find the relationships between items in large datasets so that it detects correlations between inputs of the system and then eliminates the redundant inputs. To classify the attacks, a fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is employed whose training parameters are optimized by gravitational search algorithm. The performance of the proposed system is compared with some other machine learning methods in the same application. Experimental results show that the proposed system, when choosing optimum “feature subset size-adjustment” parameter, performs better in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and cost per example in classification problems. In addition, employing the reduced-size feature set results in more than 8.4 percent reduction in computational complexity.     

A novel application of stand-alone photovoltaic system in agriculture: solar-powered Microner sprayer

In this paper, a stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) power supply system for Microner sprayer is identified and proposed. The designed system was composed of three main parts: sprayer, solar power supply and control system. Initially, the control board and data acquisition system were designed and simulated by the Proteus software and then implemented using an AVR microcontroller and tested via LabVIEW in the laboratory. Next, a prototype system was fabricated for evaluation purposes. A PV panel size of 88.5?cm², positioned horizontally above operator's head that generates 26.4?Wh/day was used as a solar energy source. A small 2?Ah (12?V) battery is installed in the system as a stabiliser. This sprayer can work seven to nine hours daily. It is calculated that the average loss of collected energy due to non-application of maximum power point tracker was approximately 25%.