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51.
Renate Tobies 《NTM》2007,15(4):241-270
The paper considers the status of mathematics and mathematicians in German industrial labs from the 1920s. As an example,
we take the use of statistical methods in the electrical engineering company Osram in Berlin. In the United States, the former
employee and member of a special mathematical research department of the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Walter Andrew Shewhart
(1891–1967), is regarded as the father of statistical quality control. Although the first textbook on applications of mathematical
statistics to problems of mass production was published in Germany in 1927, Germany was nevertheless generally considered
as conservative in using statistical methods until 1945. In the past we have known little about whether and how these methods
were actually applied in German industry before 1945. The present analysis is based on laboratory reports and other sources.
It shows that in this field of research there was a close cooperation between industry and university, which was cut off in
the mid 1930s due to the Nazi regime. Furthermore, we discovered that female researchers – such as Iris Runge (1888–1966)
in the Osram company – could as individuals play a decisive role as mathematical consultants. The position of Runge will be
described and compared with the position of mathematical researchers in other industrial labs.
am Beispiel früher Anwendung von mathematischer Statistik in der Osram G.m.b.H. Hans Wu?ing zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet相似文献
52.
Karbiwnyk CM Williams RR Andersen WC Turnipseed SB Madson MR Miller KE Reimschuessel R 《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2010,27(12):1658-1664
Due to concerns that cyanuric acid (CYA)-contaminated feed had been used in aquaculture and could enter the human food chain, a method to quantify CYA residues in the edible tissues of fish and shrimp was previously developed and validated. This paper provides further data on the deliberate feeding of CYA to shrimp to determine the extent of residue accumulation in edible tissue. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed for the analysis of CYA in shrimp tissue. Edible tissue of shrimp fed 1666 or 3333 mg kg?1 CYA in their diet (approximately 55 and 124 mg kg?1 body weight) contained 0.767 and 0.406 mg kg?1 CYA, respectively. The residue levels are below the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake level for CYA and are generally considered unlikely to pose a human health risk. 相似文献
53.
Lerchner A Mansfeld J Kuppe K Ulbrich-Hofmann R 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2006,19(10):443-452
In addition to hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids, phospholipases D (PLDs) catalyze the head group exchange. The molecular basis of this transphosphatidylation potential, which strongly varies for PLDs from different sources, is unknown hitherto. Recently, the genes of two PLD isoenzymes from white cabbage have been sequenced and expressed in Escherchia coli, yielding the basis for mutational studies. In the present paper, three sequence characteristics of the isoenzyme (PLD2) that corresponds to the often used enzyme isolated from cabbage leaves have been probed for their importance in hydrolysis as well as transphosphatidylation activities: (i) the two HKD motifs, (ii) the C terminus and (iii) the eight cysteine residues. All these regions or amino acids are highly conserved in alpha-type plant PLDs. Based on multiple alignments, predictions of secondary structure and comparisons of hydrophobicity profiles, 35 enzyme variants were created and assayed. All positions tested proved to be very sensitive towards amino acid exchanges with respect to hydrolytic activity in the absence of glycerol as well as to the ratio of hydrolytic and transphosphatidylation activities in the presence of glycerol. A significant increase of total activity and transphosphatidylation activity could be obtained by the substitutions C310S and C625S. 相似文献
54.
55.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
56.
57.
Maalolan Ramanujam Renate Mix Manfred Wagner 《Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology》2013,27(16):1828-1839
For simulation and acceleration of artificial polymer ageing, polyolefin foils were exposed to low-pressure Ar plasma. Plasma particle bombardment and irradiation induce C–C and C–H bond scissions by σ?→?σ ? excitations on the surface and in near-surface layers. Consequently, radicals are generated. They react by recombination, cross-linking, metastable trapping of the radical site or formation of olefinic double bonds. The long-living and metastable trapped C-radicals as well as double bonds in polyolefins were immediately exposed to bromine vapour without breaking the vacuum after switching-off the plasma. These reactive sites rapidly react with the molecular bromine under formation of C–Br bonds. For 5?min of argon plasma exposure, the elemental concentration of bromine was 13% for polyethylene and 22% Br/C for polypropylene as analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nevertheless, not all C radical sites have reacted with bromine. Later on, when the polyolefins brought in contact with ambient air, an additional post-plasma reaction of the remaining trapped radicals with oxygen was observed. The oxygen concentrations were lower after bromine gassing, thus repressing partially the post-plasma oxidation in the analysed layer (ca. 6?nm) by radical quenching. Such bromination took place either at the surface or in near-surface layers because the Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectra (sampling depth ca. 2500?nm) did not show significant changes for argon plasma-treated PE foils with and without bromine vapour exposure. Further addition of bromine may also occur on C=C double bonds. 相似文献
58.
Extensive research has shown that person-centered learning aiming at students’ development on the levels of intellect, skills, and attitudes is effective in face-to-face education. More recently, advances in web-technology let us ask: Is humanistic, person-centered learning also effective along the application of modern technology? In this contribution we reflect 10 years of research at the University of Vienna, Austria. Essentially, we found that, given learners perceive the teacher’s or facilitator’s person-centered attitudes and courses employ a thoughtful blend of face-to-face and online elements, courses tend to be perceived by students as carrying value far beyond just cognitive gains: for example, students indicate that – more than with traditional instruction – they are motivated to engage in active, self-initiated learning. In particular, they improve their team skills, interpersonal relationships, and become better listeners. They learn significantly from the multiple perspectives they perceive. 相似文献
59.
60.
Improving the toilet environment holds promises for increasing the quality of life for elderly and disabled persons. This is one of the goals of the Friendly Rest Room (FRR) project. The study described in this article explored the preference and use of supports in the toilet environment during the entire toilet ritual. An adjustable test frame was built with a toilet and three types of supports. Fourteen subjects were asked which positions they favoured for each support. After using all three supports, they were asked which support they found most comfortable. In general, the preferred positions depended on personal preferences more than on dimensions of the body. It was concluded that there is a preference for vertical supports for sitting down and standing up. During toilet use the side supports were equally appreciated. 相似文献