Restructured products from arrowtooth flounder (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Atheresthes stomias</Emphasis>) using high-pressure treatments

The texture of arrowtooth flounder, an underutilized fish species abundant in Alaska, degrades during cooking, a phenomenon that has been associated with proteolysis. Interest in safer fish products by high-pressure processing (HPP) is increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HPP treatments at 400 and 600 MPa for 1 and 5 min on the mechanical and functional properties of heat-induced fish gels obtained from arrowtooth flounder fish paste. Three thermal treatments of pressure-treated and control samples were evaluated: 90 °C for 15 min (kamaboko); 40 °C for 30 min plus 90 °C for 15 min (setting); 60 °C for 30 min plus 90 °C for 15 min (modori). Changes in texture profile analysis parameters, water holding capacity, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern and color parameters were determined. HPP improved the mechanical properties of heat-induced gels. Proteolysis of fish gels when they were incubated at 60 °C was not inhibited by HPP. The results obtained suggest distinct mechanisms of protein aggregation for pressure- and heat-induced fish gels.     

Alternaria toxins in Argentinean wheat,bran, and flour

Alternaria species have been reported to infect a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, and cereal crops. Wheat is one of the most consumed cereal worldwide. A sensitive HPLC-DAD methodology was applied to quantify alternariol (AOH), alternariol methyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) in 65 samples of whole wheat, bran, and flour. The extraction methodology allowed extracting the three toxins simultaneously. Limits of detection in wheat were 3.4, 4.5, and 0.5 µg kg^?1 for AOH, AME and TeA, respectively. For bran, these data were 3.1, 4.5, and 12 µg kg^?1 and for flour 50, 70, and 14 µg kg^?1, respectively. The studied recoveries were higher than 70% and RSD was below 10%. Wheat and bran samples showed low AOH and AME contamination compared to TeA. The averages levels found for TeA in wheat, bran and flour were 19,190, 16,760, and 7360 µg kg^?1, respectively.     

Visibility and responsibility of women in research papers through the order of signatures: the case of the University of Extremadura, 1990–2005

Though there are many and diverse opinions as to the order in which the authors appear in research papers, the most accepted is the one which gives more responsibility to the first and last author. In this work, a study is carried out of the order in which the authors appear in research papers, in which at least one author affiliated to the University of Extremadura (Spain) has collaborated in the 1990–2005 period. The objective is to determine the difference in the position of men and women, and the resulting responsibility and visibility of female authors as opposed to male authors. In the University of Extremadura these positions are principally occupied by men, since throughout the period studied, no more than 20% of the papers have women either in the first or last position, while the percentage obtained by men is around 50%, the remaining percentage being occupied by authors not belonging at present to the Uex. Nevertheless, the women of the University of Extremadura have both a higher percentage than expected and a positive evolution in the more relevant positions in recent years.     

Time-Varying Underflow into a Continuous Stratification with Bottom Slope

Results are presented from a laboratory investigation of a continuous discharge gravity current moving down an inclined plane into a linearly stratified fluid; the density of the inflow decreasing linearly with time, initially larger and finally smaller than the bottom ambient density. The inflowing water was observed to follow both underflowing and intrusive flow regimes. Hence, during the time in which the inflow was denser than the water in the stratified reservoir, an underflow was observed to descend down the sloping bottom with a speed that was consistent with that given by the theory for a buoyancy-conserving gravity current on gentle slopes. However, the continuous decrease of the density at the source shortly lead to an unstable density distribution within the initial underflow, which then collapsed into an intrusion that traveled as a horizontal gravity intrusion. Scaling arguments were used to identify both the position and time to the breakup of the underflow. To the end of the experiment, multiple intrusions were established successively at different depths in between the initial underflow and the surface buoyant plume.     

Intelligence and "lifeshort" learning.

Comments on the special issue entitled "Intelligence and lifelong learning" (American Psychologist, Vol 52, Oct 1997, 1029–1139). The author contends that there is no reference to how intelligence contributes to successful aging. The role of intelligence and education in aging is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Import-export of knowledge between scientific subject categories: The iceberg hypothesis

The capacity to attract citations from other disciplines — or knowledge export — has always been taken into account in evaluating the quality of scientific papers or journals. Some of the JCR’s (ISI’s Journal Citation Report) Subject Categories have a greater exporting character than others because they are less isolated. This influences the rank/JIF (ISI’s Journal Impact Factor) distribution of the category. While all the categories fit a negative power law fairly well, those with a greater External JIF give distributions with a more sharply defined peak and a longer tail — something like an iceberg. One also observes a major relationship between the rates of export and import of knowledge.     

Pavlovian Conditioning: The CS-UR Relation.

A new Pavlovian procedure used fluid-elicited throat-movement responses of the pigeon (N=66) to study the effects on conditioning of the temporal relation of the conditioned stimulus (CS) to the unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response (US-UR). Because the throat-movement response has a substantial latency and duration, the relation of the CS to the US and UR could be independently evaluated. Four experiments indicated that, operationally, the relation of the CS to the UR--not to the US--is critical for conditioning in this preparation. The conventional emphasis on CS-US relations is based on procedures that confound the occurrence of the US with the UR and that foster generalization decrement between training and testing. The authors indicate how several conditioning phenomena may be reinterpreted in terms of CS-UR relations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)