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181.
In this paper, we propose a routing algorithm called minimum fusion Steiner tree (MFST) for energy efficient data gathering with aggregation (fusion) in wireless sensor networks. Different from existing schemes, MFST not only optimizes over the data transmission cost, but also incorporates the cost for data fusion, which can be significant for emerging sensor networks with vectorial data and/or security requirements. By employing a randomized algorithm that allows fusion points to be chosen according to the nodes' data amounts, MFST achieves an approximation ratio of 5/4log(k + 1), where k denotes the number of source nodes, to the optimal solution for extremely general system setups, provided that fusion cost and data aggregation are nondecreasing against the total input data. Consequently, in contrast to algorithms that only excel in full or nonaggregation scenarios without considering fusion cost, MFST can thrive in a wide range of applications 相似文献
182.
Asakawa K. Matake S. Hotta Y. Hiraoka T. 《Advanced Packaging, IEEE Transactions on》2006,29(2):211-217
A new type of a flexible printed circuit board with landless vias is developed using a novel method called interconnection via nanoporous structure (INPS). This method can make wires and vias of the printed circuit board simultaneously by a single photo-exposure process. A new photo-induced selective plating method was used to impregnate a nanoporous substrate with copper, and a new photomask was designed, which constitutes of a completely vacant large hole for via and aggregation patterns of very fine holes for wire. Because of the simple process, the INPS board is characterized by landless vias and very fine circuit. Owing to the structure, it is also characterized by flexibility and detachable wires. 相似文献
183.
184.
Walter K. Sakamoto Darcy H. F. Kanda Francisco de Assis Andrade D. K. Das-Gupta 《Journal of Materials Science》2003,38(7):1465-1470
Vegetable-based polyurethane (PU) was prepared in the thin film form by spin coating. This polymer is synthesised from castor oil, which can be extracted from the seeds of a native plant in Brazil called mamona. This polymer is biocompatible and is being used as material for artificial bone. The PU was characterised by dielectric spectroscopy in a wide range of frequency (10–5 Hz to 105 Hz) and by thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) measurements. The glass transition temperature (T
g = 39°C) was determined and using the initial rise method the activation energy was found to be 1.58 eV. 相似文献
185.
The present work deals with the modelling of damage behaviour for sheet moulding compound (SMC) composite materials using a finite element analysis package. Specifically, a comparison is made between the results obtained experimentally for a three-point bending test, and those obtained from numerical simulation using a material model already implemented. The simulation has been performed for the material models available within the PAM-CRASH software. The simulation results are compared and validated with respect to experimentation. 相似文献
186.
Yu. V. Baldokhin V. V. Vavilova P. Ya. Kolotyrkin Yu. K. Kovneristyi N. A. Palii A. S. Solomatin 《Inorganic Materials》2003,39(6):562-567
Mössbauer effect measurements and physicochemical analysis demonstrate that annealing of amorphous Fe–P–Mn alloys leads to the formation of a nanocrystalline structure. 相似文献
187.
H. L. Du S. R. Rose Z. D. Xiang P. K. Datta X. Y. Li 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2003,34(4):421-426
The oxidation/sulphidation behaviour of a Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si alloy with a TiAl3 diffusion coating was studied in an environment of H2/H2S/H2O at 850oC. The kinetic results demonstrate that the TiAl3 coating significantly increased the high temperature corrosion resistance of Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si. The SEM, EDX, XRD and TEM analysis reveals that the formation of an Al2O3 scale on the surface of the TiAl3‐coated sample was responsible for the enhancement of the corroison resistance. The Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si alloy was also modified by Nb ion implantation. The Nb ion implanted and as received sampels were subjected to cyclic oxidation in an open air at 800oC. The Nb ion implantation not only increased the oxidation resistance but also substantially improved the adhesion of scale to the substrate. 相似文献
188.
Prouskas K.-V. Pitt J.V. 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2004,34(3):1553-1568
This paper describes the specification and implementation of a new three-layer time-aware agent architecture. This architecture is designed for applications and environments where societies of humans and agents play equally active roles, but interact and operate in completely different time frames. The architecture consists of three layers: the April real-time run-time (ART) layer, the time aware layer (TAL), and the application agents layer (AAL). The ART layer forms the underlying real-time agent platform. An original online, real-time, dynamic priority-based scheduling algorithm is described for scheduling the computation time of agent processes, and it is shown that the algorithm's O(n) complexity and scalable performance are sufficient for application in real-time domains. The TAL layer forms an abstraction layer through which human and agent interactions are temporally unified, that is, handled in a common way irrespective of their temporal representation and scale. A novel O(n2) interaction scheduling algorithm is described for predicting and guaranteeing interactions' initiation and completion times. The time-aware predicting component of a workflow management system is also presented as an instance of the AAL layer. The described time-aware architecture addresses two key challenges in enabling agents to be effectively configured and applied in environments where humans and agents play equally active roles. It provides flexibility and adaptability in its real-time mechanisms while placing them under direct agent control, and it temporally unifies human and agent interactions. 相似文献
189.
V. N. Petrov V. V. Grebenshikov B. D. Grachev A. S. Kamochkin M. K. Yarmarkin 《Technical Physics Letters》2004,30(2):157-160
A compact electron polarimeter employing the classical Mott scheme has been developed and tested. The device has an efficiency
of about 5.6×10−4, a maximum count rate of 5×105 cps, dimensions 15 cm (diameter) × 25 cm (length), and a working voltage of 40 kV. The polarimeter can operate for a long
time under arbitrary vacuum conditions without maintenance, exhibiting no changes in the main working characteristics, and
obeys all requirements to the electron spin polarization studies on the modern level. 相似文献
190.
A comparative study of DPSK and OOK WDM transmission over transoceanic distances and their performance degradations due to nonlinear phase noise 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mizuochi T. Ishida K. Kobayashi T. Abe J. Kinjo K. Motoshima K. Kasahara K. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2003,21(9):1933-1943
We have compared experimentally the transmission performance of return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) with RZ-ON-OFF keying (OOK), nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (NRZ-DPSK), and NRZ-OOK for 100/spl times/10-Gb/s transmission with a spectral efficiency of 0.22 b/s/Hz over transoceanic distances. The Q degradation of the RZ-DPSK after transmission over 9180 km was 3 dB greater than that of RZ-OOK. The experimental results clearly showed the major cause of degradation for DPSK is not cross-phase modulation but self-phase modulation. The calculated nonlinear phase noise, i.e., the Gordon-Mollenauer effect, agreed with the experimental results. A distributed-Raman-amplifier assisted erbium-doped-fiber-amplified transmission line acted well in reducing the nonlinear phase noise. 相似文献