Influence of oxide scales on heat transfer in secondary cooling zones in the continuous casting process,part 2: determination of material properties of oxide scales on steel under spray-water cooling conditions

In order to model heat transfer from the slab to the cooling agent in the continuous casting process the thermophysical properties of the surface layer must be taken into account. For this purpose thermal conductivities and thermal diffusivities of wustite as well as of two carbon steels were measured. The oxide scale growth for six steels was measured as a function of time and at temperatures between 900 and 1200°C in air and in steam. Complex heterogeneous oxide scales were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy, by SIMS, as well as by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Segregation of alloying elements in the metal-oxide contact zone was found. Cracks due to thermal stresses result in spalling of the scale. Therefore, a straightforward use of the data for process modelling can principally not be recommended without restrictions.     

Life stressors, personal and social resources, and depression: A 4-year structural model.

By extending earlier stress-resistance research with a 1-yr time lag, findings with 254 adults show that adaptive personality characteristics and positive family support operate prospectively over 4 yrs in predicting reduced depression even when prior depression is controlled. By strengthening knowledge about the determinants and mediational role of coping, the results demonstrate in a 2-group LISREL analysis that the pattern of predictive relations differs under high and low stressors. Under high stressors, personal and social resources relate to future psychological health indirectly, through more adaptive coping strategies. Under low stressors, these resources relate directly to psychological health. The results support the idea that such resources play a causal role in maintaining psychological health, and they suggest the potential for a general, adaptively oriented framework applicable to adjustment under both high and low stressors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spatial Non-Cyclic Geometric Phase in Neutron Interferometry

We present a split-beam neutron interferometric experiment to test the non-cyclic geometric phase tied to the spatial evolution of the system: the subjacent two-dimensional Hilbert space is spanned by the two possible paths in the interferometer and the evolution of the state is controlled by phase shifters and absorbers. A related experiment was reported previously by some of the authors to verify the cyclic spatial geometric phase. The interpretation of this experiment, namely to ascribe a geometric phase to this particular state evolution, has met severe criticism. The extension to non-cyclic evolution manifests the correctness of the interpretation of the previous experiment by means of an explicit calculation of the non-cyclic geometric phase in terms of paths on the Bloch-sphere. The theoretical treatment comprises the cyclic geometric phase as a special case, which is confirmed by experiment.     

Preparation of aqueous polyaniline dispersions by micellar‐aided polymerization

Polyaniline (PAn) dispersed in water was prepared with sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDS) as a surfactant with varying concentrations of aniline and HCl and molar ratios of SDS/aniline. The PAn dispersion was homogeneous and stable, and its pH value could be adjusted. The conductivity of PAn powder, precipitated from this dispersion, was as high as 20 S/cm. The transmission electron microscopy morphology of PAn assembled in the dispersion was particle‐like, fiber‐like, or coil‐like, depending on the initial concentration of SDS and aniline. The polymerization of aniline was accelerated by SDS, which was confirmed by open‐circuit potential measurement during the polymerization process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1550–1555, 2003     

Das Schwinden und seine Beziehungen zu Rohwichte und Aufbau des Holzes

Zusammenfassung Einleitend werden Rohwiechte und Holzfeuchtigkeit als grundlegende Weiser technisch wichtiger Holzeigenschaften behandelt und die physikalischen Vorg?nge beim Zutrift von Wasser zu Holz erl?utert, die für die Untersuchung des Schwindvorganges von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Die Zusammenh?nge zwischen Luftfeuchtigkeit, Temperatur und Holzfeuehtigkeit k?nnen durch Einführung des S?ttigungsgrades der Luft an Stelle der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit vereinfacht dargestellt werden (Bild 3). Die Raumquellung des Holzes kann bei vorangegangener vorsichtiger Mitteilung aus dem Mechanisch-technologischen Institut der Reichsanstalt für Holzforschung.     

Unbalanced chromosomal aberrations in neuroendocrine lung tumors as detected by comparative genomic hybridization

Typical and atypical carcinoids (TC, ATC) and small (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) constitute the spectrum of neuroendocrine lung tumors. Chromosomal aberrations have not been studied in LCNEC and only rarely in carcinoids. Only SCLCs have been investigated frequently for chromosomal aberrations. We compared three typical and four atypical carcinoids, one atypical carcinoid/SCLC mixed type, three SCLC, and three LCNEC for chromosomal gains and losses using comparative genomic hybridization. Typical carcinoids showed either no changes or only few chromosomal gains. Atypical carcinoids appeared genetically heterogeneous: One case had no aberrations, and three cases had few aberrations; two of them showed a deletion of 11q. SCLC and LCNEC were characterized by many gains and losses, especially similar changes of 3p, 5q, 5p, and 13q. Although ATC resemble LCNEC morphologically, there were no similarities at the genetic level. We have found a reciprocal relationship of prognosis and the amount of aberrations. TCs and ATCs with few chromosomal changes have the best prognosis, whereas SCLCs and LCNECs were generally characterized by a great amount of aberrations and worst prognosis. There was no unbalanced aberration common in all types of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung.     

Discrepancy of clinical, radiographic and histopathologic findings in two children with chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease after HLA-identical sibling stem cell transplantation

We report two children who presented with cough and shortness of breath 7-8 months after a matched sibling stem cell transplant (SCT) for chronic myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, respectively. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) revealed severe airways obstruction (AO). However, radiographic investigations showed no serious abnormalities in the early phase and open lung biopsy revealed only mild lymphocytic bronchiolitis and bronchiolitis obliterans consistent with pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Despite administration of bronchodilators and various immunosuppressive agents obstructive lung disease progressed to pulmonary failure in patient 1, whereas stabilization of the clinical course was observed in patient 2. Serial PFTs were the best predictor of the clinical course in contrast to radiographic and histologic findings. It is concluded that PFTs should be performed repeatedly in pediatric patients after allogeneic SCT with the aim of diagnosing GVHD-associated AO in the subclinical phase. Progressive post-transplant AO necessitates prompt initiation of intensive immunosuppressive therapy in order to stop the underlying immunopathologic process even in the absence of severe radiographic and histologic findings.     

Drinking to cope and alcohol use and abuse in unipolar depression: A 10-year model.

This study examined drinking to cope with distress and drinking behavior in a baseline sample of 412 unipolar depressed patients assessed 4 times over a 10-year period. Baseline drinking to cope operated prospectively as a risk factor for more alcohol consumption at 1-, 4, and 10-year follow-ups and for more drinking problems at 1- and 4-year follow-ups. Findings elucidate a key mechanism in this process by showing that drinking to cope strengthened the link between depressive symptoms and drinking behavior. Individuals who had a stronger propensity to drink to cope at baseline showed a stronger connection between depressive symptoms and both alcohol consumption and drinking problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)