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991.
992.
Improving the performance of microstrip-patch antennas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper describes a cavity-backed patch-antenna geometry, which features multiple dielectric layers and shorting posts. These features are exploited to design antennas which retain many of the desirable characteristics of conventional microstrip antennas, yet overcome some of their inherent disadvantages 相似文献
993.
Amador F.G. Berman D. Borning A. DeRose T. Finkelstein A. Neville D. Notkin D. Salesin D. Salisbury M. Sherman J. Sun Y. Weld D.S. Winkenbach G. 《Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on》1993,5(4):611-618
The electronic encyclopedia exploratorium (E3) is a vision of a future computer system-an electronic book describing how thing work. Typical articles in E3 will describe such mechanisms as compression refrigerators, engines, telescopes, and mechanical linkages. Each article will provide simulations, three-dimensional animated graphics that the user can manipulate, laboratory areas that allow a user to modify the device or experiment with related artifacts, and a facility for asking questions and receiving customized, computer-generated English-language explanations. Some of the foundational technology is discussed, focusing on topics in artificial intelligence, graphics, and user interfaces. The initial prototype system and the technical lessons learned from it, as well as the second prototype currently under construction, are described 相似文献
994.
For multiuser packet communications with unpredictable user demands (e.g., in a local or metropolitan area network), coordination and control of access to the frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) channels are difficult. B. Glance (J. Lightwave Technol., vol.10, pp.1323-1328, Sep 1992) proposed using a simple protection-against-collision (PAC) circuit to solve this media access problem and achieve full optical connectivity. The PAC system has the potential to interconnect hundreds of ports, each transmitting at several gigabits per second. Performance aspects of the PAC optical packet network are discussed here. The delay-throughout performance of this network is analyzed for uniform traffic patterns. The results show that in geographically distributed applications the maximum achievable throughput (normalized to the transmission rate) is typically between 0.4 and 0.5 per channel. In a centralized switch the (normalized) maximum achievable throughput can approach 0.8 per channel 相似文献
995.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the associations of planned versus actual duration of drug abuse treatment with psychosocial outcomes and drug use at follow-up. A randomized trial was conducted in a modified therapeutic community in which 444 clients were assigned to programs with planned durations of either 3 or 6 months. Outcomes were psychosocial measures assessing changes in mood and in stage of behavior change between admission and exit and return to drug use and patterns of use 2 to 6 months after exit. Planned duration was not associated with any of the outcomes. A longer actual length of stay was, however, associated with greater improvements in the mood variables; lower rates of drug use at follow-up; and, among those using drugs at follow-up, a longer time from exit to first drug use. Intention-to-treat analyses supported these results. Randomized controlled trials are needed to distinguish the effects of planned duration and actual length of stay. 相似文献
996.
Hulfachor R.B. Ellis-Monaghan J.J. Kim K.W. Littlejohn M.A. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》1996,43(4):661-663
A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulator is employed to investigate nonlocal carrier transport in 0.1 μm n-MOSFET's under low-voltage stress. Specifically, the role of electron-electron (e-e) interactions on hot electron injection is explored for two emerging device designs biased at a drain voltage Vd considerably less than the Si/SiO2 injection barrier height φb. Simulation of both devices reveal that 1) although qVd<φb, carriers can obtain energies greater than φb, and 2) the peak for electron injection is displaced approximately 20 nm beyond the peak in the parallel channel electric field. These phenomena constitute a spatial retardation of carrier heating that is strongly influenced by e-e interactions near the drain edge. (Virtually no injection is observed in our simulations when e-e scattering is not considered.) Simulations also show that an aggressive design based on larger dopant atoms, steeper doping gradients, and a self-aligned junction counter-doping process produces a higher peak in the channel electric field, a hotter carrier energy distribution, and a greater total electron injection rate into the oxide when compared to a more conventionally-doped design. The impact of spatially retarded carrier heating on hot-electron-induced device degradation is further examined by coupling an interface state distribution obtained from Monte Carlo simulations with a drift-diffusion simulator. Because of retarded carrier heating, the interface states are mainly generated further over the drain region where interface charge produces minimal degradation. Thus, surprisingly, both 0.1 μm n-MOSFET designs exhibit comparable drain current degradation rates 相似文献
997.
The authors present the construction, operation, and test results of a new type of electrostatic filter of very low pressure drop at usual flow-through velocities while providing excellent filtration for micron-size particles. The filter is constructed in the form of a thick mesh of dual wire fibers, electrically energized at approximately 200 V DC, and reversing the polarity at a very low frequency in the order of 5 mHz. While, in general, mechanical filters trap the particles on the air incoming surface, with subsequent rapid “blinding,” the new filter collects the particles inside the mesh volume thus offering a considerably longer life 相似文献
998.
J. K. Richard Weber† Collin D. Anderson Dennis R. Merkley Paul C. Nordine† 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(3):577-582
Solidification of aluminum oxide from undercooled melts was investigated in containerless experiments. Specimens were levitated in a gas jet, stabilized with an acoustic positioning device, and melted with cw CO2 laser beams. Cooling curves were obtained by optical pyrometry when the laser intensity was reduced. The materials examined were high-purity Verneuil sapphire, 99.5% polycrystalline alumina, and oxide materials recovered from the effluent of an aluminum-fueled rocket motor. The degree of undercooling, the apparent temperature behavior during the thermal arrest on solidification, and the structure of the materials formed were different in argon and oxygen atmospheres. Undercooling of the sapphire and alumina materials was 360 ± 10 K in an oxygen atmosphere and approximately 450 K in argon. Melting and solidification of high-purity sapphire resulted in a dendritic and porous polycrystalline material in oxygen. Dense, larger crystals were obtained in argon. Products formed from 99.5% alumina were discolored and the cores were white, indicating impurity segregation effects. More reproducible behavior was observed for the sapphire and 99.5% alumina than for the tungstencontaminated rocket motor effluent materials. 相似文献
999.
J Lorenz K Wilhelm M Kessler C Peschel U Schwulera R Lissner WG Struff E Huland C Huber WE Aulitzky 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,2(7):1115-1122
Safety, local and systemic immunomodulation, and tumor response to treatment with aerosolized natural interleukin 2 (nIL-2) applied five times a day were studied in a Phase I trial in 16 patients with pulmonary malignancies refractory to conventional therapy. The toxicity of inhaled nIL-2 was different from that observed after systemic administration. Reversible airway irritation causing a nonproductive cough represented the dose-limiting toxicity. Mild to moderate reduction of the vital capacity and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) with minor effects on relative FEV1, peak expiratory flow, airway resistance, and PaO2 was experienced by individual patients. In 14 patients suffering from pulmonary metastases due to renal cell cancer, one durable complete response, one partial response, and one mixed response were observed. Inhalation of nIL-2 aerosol resulted in a dose-dependent expansion of pulmonary immunocompetent cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Posttreatment bronchoalveolar lavage showed an activated lymphocyte phenotype with increased HLA-DR expression. The only systemic biological effect detectable in peripheral blood was a marked increase of soluble interleukin 2 receptor serum levels. We conclude that treatment with aerosolized nIL-2 is an effective means for site-specific immunomodulation and deserves further investigation for the treatment of malignant and inflammatory lung disease. 相似文献
1000.
The authors highlight several possible ways in which the construction industry could lower present emissions of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. It is an excellent discussion document and is recommended reading. 相似文献