Engineering geology today

Summary The author discusses the development and present state of the engineering geology. He warns the engineering geologists against a merely mechanical approach and emphasizes that an engineer needs to understand geology as well. Further an analysis of the relation between geology and civil engineering and between engineering geology and soil and rock mechanics is presented. Finally the paper deals with the tasks of engineering geology at designing and construction of structures as well as with the problems of education in engineering geology.

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La Géologie De l’Ingénieur Aujourd’Hui

Résumé L’auteur examine la question du développement et de la situation acutelle de la géologie de l’ingénieur. II préviend d’un accès simplement méchanical en accentuant, qu’il est vraiement nécéssaire pour un ingénieur de comprendre aussi la géologie. Puis, l’auteur analyse la rélation entre la géologie et la construction ainsi qu’entre la géologie de l’ingénieur et la mécanique du sol. Enfin, le travail traits les taches de la géologie de l’ingénieur dans la sphère des projets et de la réalisation des constructions ainsi que les problèmes de l’éducation.

     

板料拉深有限元模拟冲模速度研究

运用ANSYS有限元软件采用不同的模拟冲模速度进行板料拉深过程分析。研究表明,达到筒形件极限拉深高度而不发生起皱和破裂的模拟冲模速度有一个数值范围,在数值范围内任意选取模拟冲模速度,对起皱和破裂预测不会产生较大的误差,但取较大的模拟冲模速度能极大地提高模拟过程的计算效率。     

常化温度对CSP流程生产的2.5%Si硅钢析出物和磁性能影响

本文研究了常化温度对硅含量2.5%的高牌号硅钢析出物和磁性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着常化温度在920~980℃范围内逐步提高,热轧态的析出物尺寸增大且分布密度降低,对应的再结晶退火态平均晶粒尺寸增大,磁性能P_(1.5/50)呈下降趋势,磁感呈上升趋势,且在退火温度为980℃时P_(1.5/50)达到2.50 W/kg最低值、磁感B_(50)达到1.705 T。     

基于进化算法的伺服驱动系统速度环参数的整定

针对速度环参数整定存在的时间长和效率低等问题,提出了一种基于进化算法的伺服驱动系统速度环控制参数整定方法。该方法利用粒子群算法全局寻优的特点进行模型参数的辨识,在辨识得到的数学模型和综合性能评价指标的基础上,使用遗传算法对速度环控制器参数进行寻优整定。整定后的系统超调量小,上升时间短,具有良好的动态响应性能和鲁棒性。     

特大城市地区如何引领实现百年目标

正吴唯佳(中国城市规划学会常务理事,清华大学建筑学院教授,本学术对话主持人):在2020年全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年目标后,我国将为2049年实现第二个百年目标,建设现代化强国而奋斗。北京、天津、武汉等城市此前已开始加强2049战略研究。特大城市地区是以特大城市为核心,大中小城市相结合的城市密集地区,是我国现代化、城市化的战略引领地区。如何肩负使命,总结经验,认识规律,引领实现     

钠硫储能电池保温层二次优化设计

保温层的设计对保证钠硫电池处于最佳运行状态至关重要。为了解决一维热传导模型结果与实验值相差过大的问题,基于三维导热理论模型,采用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench建立了保温层实体模型,数值模拟了各层保温材料的温度分布情况,并提出了一种钠硫电池保温结构二次优化设计方案。结果表明:采用三维模型的计算结果与实验值较接近;优化保温层材料与结构后,保温结构厚度缩减了37.5%,且最外层温度明显减低。实验结果可为储能电池保温结构的二次优化设计提供技术参考。     

Understanding traditional residential architecture in Anatolia

Traditional architecture and associated environments created by residential buildings provide an important focus of interest in contemporary Turkey.1 1. The main thesis of this article is based upon my paper ‘Traditional Residential Architecture in Anatolia’, presented to a seminar on Conservation and Rehabilitation of Half-Timber Structures, Ankara: METU, 1989 and the doctoral thesis submitted to METU, Faculty of Architecture, Program of Restoration in 1994. The concepts have, however, been revised according to more recent surveys. They are generally accepted as physical witnesses of the past to be preserved and studied. Continuity in the traditional characteristics of the social group living in these environments has been observed in many of the extant settlements in Turkey. The reciprocal relationship between the dwelling and its owners, or users, has led to a dual definition of the ‘traditional dwelling unit’: the social unit being the ‘family’, the architectural unit the ‘dwelling’. The existing, modest-scaled, traditional dwellings in Turkey, which constitute the subject of this study, were mostly constructed after the seventeenth century, but more recent buildings exhibiting similar characteristics are also covered by the term ‘traditional’.2 2. The concepts of ‘tradition’, ‘culture’, ‘vernacular’, ‘historical’, ‘regional’, ‘pre-industrial’, ‘popular’ and ‘folk’ fall outside the limits of this study. The term ‘traditional’ has been used throughout the text; the term ‘Ottoman’ has not been adopted due to its attribution to the 1923 constitution of the Turkish Republic — it cannot, consequently, be used as reference to the continuation of tradition, which is one of the main ‘givens’ of this study. A term referring to a geographical distribution of archetype under investigation has been sought. There is an important building stock incorporating similar architectural characteristics within contemporary political boundaries of other countries, such as Iran, Bulgaria, Greece, etc., which had once formed part of the Ottoman Empire. ‘Turkey’ has not been preferred for its reference to the political boundaries of the Republican era for the same reason. Instead, another geographical term ‘Anatolia’ is considered in a widened context throughout the text to refer to a more generic concept than it implies geographically. Anatolia is considered to be the land of origin on which many cultures have emerged, generated and spread to the affected lands throughout history. Furthermore, the concentration of this study focuses specifically on extant dwellings in Anatolia. Within the confines of the term ‘traditional residential architecture in Anatolia’, there are further limitations. The origin of traditional residential architecture in Anatolia, its typological evolution, its social, cultural and/or historical aspects are not the major concerns of this study, which focuses on existing examples. A limitation of the period covered by this study accords with the construction dates of extant buildings from the seventeenth century onwards. This is an open-ended period because of the continuity in ‘traditional’ aspects in many of the settlements. The concept of ‘privacy’ serves as the basis of evaluation in analysing the interrelation of any two units. The interface of two units can be defined as an hierarchy of privacy represented sociologically by the interrelations of person/family/neighbourhood relationships and architecturally through the interrelations of room/dwelling unit/street/neighbourhood.3 3. This dwelling unit was the subject of the studio course ARCH 405 in 1989—1990, Autumn semester. The project was supervised by the author and Res.Asst. Ertu?rul Morçöl; the students were Önder Kaya, Ufuk Serin, Murat Aya?, Deniz Kutay and Gül Vanl?. This approach will include a brief summary of some previous studies of traditional residential architecture (Fig. 1).     

道路有机硅密封胶的性能评价与技术要求

为了评价道路有机硅密封胶的性能,分析了国内外的各种技术标准,根据路用性能要求,提出了表干时间、固化时间、流平性、流值、弹性(复原)率以及低温拉伸这6个评价指标.分别对4种有机硅密封胶(2种进口材料和2种国产材料)进行试验,试验证实这些材料均为自流平材料,表干时间不超过90 min,固化时间为2～3周,弹性(复原)率均超过90％,90℃流值均为0 mm,-30℃下至少可通过100％拉伸量的3次循环.结果表明:有机硅密封胶是高弹性材料,具有开放交通快、施工方便等优点,且具有优越的高低温性能.另外还根据试验结果提出了相应的技术要求.     

盾构隧道渗漏水处置方法及现场监测数据分析

阐述了天津地铁2号线芥园西道站-咸阳路站区间盾构隧道的联络通道发生渗漏水后采取的加固措施,在粉质粘土层盾构隧道联络通道出现渗漏水后及时采取瞬凝水泥进行注浆控制可以较好控制险情;并从监测数据中得知,受渗漏影响地表沉降观测点在初期有明显沉降,最大可达30mm;左线出现渗漏水右线受到明显影响,左线影响范围达到30环。     

单导梁架桥机箱梁安装施工技术

对单导梁架桥机安装箱梁质量控制措施进行了分析,从支座垫石、临时支座的设置、非连续端永久支座的安装、箱梁的起吊、运输及箱梁安装进行了全方位的总结论述,并提出了箱梁安装质控及安全要点,以供参考。