The applicability of LOWTRAN 5 computer code to aerial thermographic data correction

The data available in the LOWTRAN5 computer code are applied to short path lengths for radiation in the thermal infrared range during a particular survey. The resulting calculated value for the atmospheric transmittance is compared with an experimentally derived value.     

An overview of the development of the Earth Observation Data Centre and its processing and achiving facilities

This paper presents an overview of the development of the Earth Observation Data Centre (EODC) and its facilities for processing and archiving ERS-1 data. The hardware systems of the EODC and the implementation of product processing chains are described. The paper concludes with a look at the achievements of the EODC and a discussion of the problems encountered with a view to the lessons learnt for future developments.     

Endoscopic fluorescence imaging and point spectroscopy system for the detection of gastro-intestinal cancers

We describe a combined endoscopic fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy system for the detection of gastro-intestinal cancers, utilizing the fluorescence from aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX. Both the imaging and spectroscopy systems are controlled by a single desktop PC, which also carries out image processing and stores spectral data, enabling real-time display of images and spectra on one monitor. These systems have been tested in vivo and the results illustrate the potential of both systems in the detection of early cancers. Preliminary testing of the combined system using a foam model has shown that the combined system may better facilitate cancer detection than the use of either system individually.     

ARRAYLIKE LEARNING SYSTEMS

We shall present 20 results which relate state-transition behavior to the functions of arraylike networks. Arrays have been chosen (as opposed to, say, randomly connected networks) since they have an easily representable and sufficiently varied set of feedback loops. Our concern is also restricted to arrays in which all the elements perform the same function. This provides a position-invariant global action with respect to state patterns.     

Utilization of Amide Nitrogenby the Young Rat

SUMMARY: Effects on body nitrogen gains of supplying nonessential nitrogen as glutamic or aspartic acids, as glutamine or asparagine or as wheat were investigated. It was found that nitrogen gains of rats fed diets containing only purified amino acids as the nitrogen source and relatively high levels of amide nitrogen were significantly lower than those of rats fed the same amounts of total nitrogen, all as α-amino nitrogen. However, they were significanty higher than those of rats fed the same amounts of α-amino nitrogen, but no additional amide nitrogen, indicating some effect of amide nitrogen in body nitrogen storage. Rats fed ad libitum consumed more of the glutamine-containing diet than of one containing isonitrogenous amounts of glutamic acid; analysis of covariante indicated that ad libitum-fed rats also utilized the nitrogen of glutamic acid more efficiently than that of glutamine. Addition of enough sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the hydrochlorides of dietary amino acids had no effect on utilization of amide nitrogen. No differences in nitrogen utilization were found between two groups of rats fed different levels of amide nitrogen as wheat.     

A study of the saddle stresses arising from the support of a cylindrical vessel

The design method widely used for the support of cylindrical vessels is that contained in BS 5500¹ which is based on the work of Zick² published in 1951. In recent years, however, the theoretical analysis of this problem has received some attention,^3–7 thus enabling the vessel stresses and displacements to be determined for supporting saddles of various degrees of flexibility. In this paper the saddle itself is examined, 1) experimentally, using photoelasticity, and 2) analytically by the shell analysis of refs^5–7, together with a Finite Element approach. It is found that the theoretical approach used to determine saddle stresses is very sensitive to—

• (a) 

  the type of finite element used for the saddle, and
• (b) 

  the boundary assumption at the saddle base.

From a general stress analysis point of view, the paper should provide a warning to designers that the results obtained from finite element analyses always contain the above inherent problems. A comparison with the photoelastic results enables this to be studied. In particular the agreement between the theoretical and experimental approaches lends credence to the analytical approach used in refs^5–7 and to the value of an optimum design approach for the vessel and its support.     

INFLUENCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS ON POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF PROCESSING AND NON-PROCESSING TOMATO CULTIVARS

Tomato fruits from a processing cultivar,‘Dorado’and a non-processing cultivar, ‘Star Pak’, were subjected to three prestorage heat treatments over a 5-h period under unshaded (34±2C), shaded (29±2C) and pre-cooled (20±2C) conditions followed by storage for 18 and 36 days at 20C. Terminal symptoms of heat injury and disease infection were evaluated in relation to changes in physical, physiological and chemical characteristics of the fruits during storage. Unshaded fruits demonstrated effects of heat injury resulting in reduced bioelectrical resistance, increased electrolyte leakage, increased total acidity and decreased total soluble solids during storage at 20C. Pre-cooling and shading proved to be effective methods to remove or prevent accumulation of field-heat and minimize heat injury. Pre-cooling was most effective, accounting for 28 % and 14% less infected fruits for ‘Dorado’and ‘Star Pak’, respectively, compared with unshaded fruits, after 36 days storage at 20C.     

A Mathematical Model for Emulsion Polymerization

Experimental studies of emulsion and suspensoon polymerization of styrene at 50~C are reported.Amathematical model for a batch emulsion polymerization in a unbaffled reactor with stirrer is proposed.This model allows for not only the effect of adsorption of the emulsifier onto the monomer droplets butalso the gel-effect.Data from the suspension polymerization tests are used to determine the relationshipbetween K_t and X_p Conclusion of these data in the model provided a good prediction of the number andsize of the latex particles and the conversion rate over most of the conversion range.     

Kiwifruit Juice Processing Using Heat Treatment Techniques and Ultrafiltration

Heat treatment of kiwifruit juice caused formation of a heavy protein precipitate. Celite filtration removed the precipitate giving a clear, heat-stable juice which could be readily concentrated and reconstituted. Hollow fibre ultrafiltration was used to clarify and nonthermally sterilize kiwifruit juice. Virtually all the soluble proteolytic enzyme, actinidin, remained in the retentate although there was some loss of enzymatic activity. Some sedimentation was observed in both conventionally prepared and ultrafiltered juices prepared in the 1980 season, but not in 1981. A procyanidin: protein haze formed immediately in certain clarified kiwifruit juice: apple juice blends.