针对复杂用户评论的代码质量属性判断

随着开发者社区和代码托管平台成为程序员获取代码的主要途径,针对代码的用户评论数量急剧增加.用户在使用代码后给出的评论中包含多种静态和动态的代码质量属性信息,但是由于用户评论多为复杂句,使得评论中包含的代码质量属性难以判断.针对复杂用户评论的代码质量属性判断将有助于分析用户评论中的代码质量信息,有助于开发者在了解用户的代...     

可再生多羟基醇压裂液体系的流变特性研究

根据多羟基醇压裂液体系的特点,首次对该压裂液体系的回收利用进行了研究。制备出稳定的有机硼交联聚乙烯醇可再生多羟基醇压裂液体系,并考察了不同再生次数的多羟基醇压裂液体系的流变特性,探讨了再生次数对于多羟基醇压裂液体系流变性能的影响。结果表明,通过调节体系的pH值,控制多羟基醇压裂液体系交联程度,可达到破胶和再生的目的,但随着再生次数的增加,压裂液体系的耐温抗剪切性能会随之下降,冻胶的黏弹性能也降低。     

Highly Efficient Pd/Tetraphosphine Catalytic System for Copper-Free Sonogashira Reactions of Aryl Bromides with Terminal Alkynes

Abstract  

In this study, an easily synthesized polydentate ligand N,N,N’,N’-tetra(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine (1) in combination with [Pd(C₃H₅)Cl]₂ was found to be an active catalyst in copper-free Sonogashira reactions. Most substrates, including steric hindered phenyl bromides and heteroaryl bromides, could couple efficiently with terminal alkynes in the presence of low catalyst loading (0.1 mol%) and this catalytic system showed excellent functional group tolerance. The influence of water in this system was also preliminarily investigated via ³¹P NMR in situ; that is, appropriate water favors the reaction while excess hindered this reaction.     

Highly Regioselective and Active Rhodium/Bisphosphite Catalytic System for Isomerization–Hydroformylation of 2-Butene

Abstract  

The formation of linear aldehyde from isomerization–hydroformylation of 2-butene represents an important subject and current task in industry. Both high activity and excellent regioselectivity were achieved in the rhodium-catalyzed 2-butene isomerization–hydroformylation with 2,2′-bis(dipyrrolylphosphinooxy)-1,1′-(±)-binaphthyl (1) as ligand. Bulky phosphite with electron-withdrawing pyrrol groups dramatically improved the selectivity of linear product, and a good yield of 90.5% aldehydes was obtained with an excellent linear aldehyde regioselectivity of 95.3% under optimized condition.     

Synthesis of anatase TiO_2 with exposed {001} and {101} facets and photocatalytic activity

Anatase titanium(Ⅳ) oxide(TiO_2) particles with exposed {001} and {101} facets were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of amorphous TiO_2 with H_2O_2-NH_3 solution. Crystal phase, shape, and size of TiO_2 particles are found to be greatly dependent on the ratio of H_2O_2-NH_3 solution. The prepared TiO_2 particles with specific exposed crystal faces show higher photocatalytic activity for acetaldehyde decomposition than commercial spherical TiO_2 particles. This result implies that recombination is prevented by spatial separation of redox sites in the particles because of selective migration of electrons and positive holes to specific exposed crystal faces and/or different reactivity of electrons and positive holes on the specific exposed crystal face.     

基于加密电路构造的移动代理保护安全模型的研究

本文主要讨论保护移动代理免受恶意主机攻击的问题.在指出现有的基于"加密函数"的移动代理保护方法不足的同时作者提出了一种基于可信任元素的安全代理保护模型.这种可信任元素不同于可信任硬件如智能卡和协处理器,它是一种基于加密电路构造的第三方服务称为可信任服务.文中给出了移动代理计算的形式化描述,并说明了纯软件保护方法是不可行的,在介绍完加密电路构造方法后给出了基本模型来说明如何借助于可信任服务实现安全性,并对模型进一步扩充,最后给出应用该模型的一个实例分析.     

碱性钙对‘秦冠’苹果块贮藏品质及生理特性的影响

目的 研究碱性钙对苹果块贮藏品质及生理特性的影响。方法 以‘秦冠’苹果为材料,采用不同Ca²⁺质量浓度的碱性钙对苹果块进行处理,于(4±1)℃下贮藏12d,研究不同Ca²⁺质量浓度的碱性钙对苹果块质地参数(硬度、咀嚼性、回复性、内聚性、弹性指数)、色泽、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖等品质指标及细胞膜透性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)等生理指标的影响。结果 与对照相比,不同Ca²⁺质量浓度的碱性钙处理均可不同程度地影响苹果块的贮藏品质及生理特性,其中Ca²⁺质量浓度为2.0 g/L的碱性钙处理效果最好,贮藏结束时硬度、咀嚼性、回复性、内聚性、弹性指数、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、SOD和CAT分别比对照高68.83%、75.10%、...     

High,in Contrast to Low Levels of Acute Stress Induce Depressive-like Behavior by Involving Astrocytic,in Addition to Microglial P2X7 Receptors in the Rodent Hippocampus

Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) in the brain is suggested to be an etiological factor of major depressive disorder (MDD). It has been assumed that stress-released ATP stimulates P2X7 receptors (Rs) at the microglia, thereby causing neuroinflammation; however, other central nervous system (CNS) cell types such as astrocytes also possess P2X7Rs. In order to elucidate the possible involvement of the MDD-relevant hippocampal astrocytes in the development of a depressive-like state, we used various behavioral tests (tail suspension test [TST], forced swim test [FST], restraint stress, inescapable foot shock, unpredictable chronic mild stress [UCMS]), as well as fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and patch-clamp electrophysiology in wild-type (WT) and genetically manipulated rodents. The TST and FST resulted in learned helplessness manifested as a prolongation of the immobility time, while inescapable foot shock caused lower sucrose consumption as a sign of anhedonia. We confirmed the participation of P2X7Rs in the development of the depressive-like behaviors in all forms of acute (TST, FST, foot shock) and chronic stress (UCMS) in the rodent models used. Further, pharmacological agonists and antagonists acted in a different manner in rats and mice due to their diverse potencies at the respective receptor orthologs. In hippocampal slices of mice and rats, only foot shock increased the current responses to locally applied dibenzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP) in CA1 astrocytes; in contrast, TST and restraint depressed these responses. Following stressful stimuli, immunohistochemistry demonstrated an increased co-localization of P2X7Rs with a microglial marker, but no change in co-localization with an astroglial marker. Pharmacological damage to the microglia and astroglia has proven the significance of the microglia for mediating all types of depression-like behavioral reactions, while the astroglia participated only in reactions induced by strong stressors, such as foot shock. Because, in addition to acute stressors, their chronic counterparts induce a depressive-like state in rodents via P2X7R activation, we suggest that our data may have relevance for the etiology of MDD in humans.     

云南省部分食品黄曲霉毒素B1膳食暴露风险评估

目的评估云南省部分食品中黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxinB1,AFB1)膳食暴露风险。方法结合2012～2017年云南省部分地区市售大米及其制品、玉米及其制品等6类主要食品的黄曲霉毒素B1含量数据,以及本省营养监测消费量数据,采用点评估方法对云南省居民AFB1暴露水平进行评估。结果云南省全人群来源于6类食品的AFB1暴露量为1.02×10-3μg/kgbw,其中来源于大米的AFB1暴露量最高,占总暴露量的50.98%,其次是玉米及其制品,占18.63%。总暴露量为大城市贫困农村中小城市一般农村;云南省居民AFB1膳食暴露量对肝癌发病率的贡献为0.040/10万人;各地区居民暴露边界比(margin of exposure, MOE)值介于144.07～180.85之间。结论云南省AFB1污染状况相对良好,仍需持续关注; 6类食物中大米、玉米是云南省AFB1的主要暴露来源。     

加速溶剂萃取-超高效液相色谱荧光法测定海产品中苯并(a)芘

摘要：目的 研究建立海产品中苯并(a)芘(BaP)超高效液相色谱荧光(UHPLC-FLD)检测方法。方法：用乙腈加速溶剂萃取提取冻干海产品中的BaP,提取液用UHPLC-FLD测定,多环芳烃(PAHs)色谱柱（150x2.1mm,3um）分离,乙腈-水（75+25）为流动相,流速1mL/min,激发波长261nm,发射波长450nm。结果：BaP在0.2~40μg/kg浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r2=0.9998,回收率98.3%,相对标准偏差为1.3%,最低检出限0.06μg/kg,实际样品检测良好。结论：该法简便快捷,溶剂用量少,灵敏度高,可用于海产品中BaP的检测。