Mushroom Blanch Water Concentration by Membrane Processes

Mushroom blanch water was concentrated by ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO). UF prefiltration was essential in preventing severe fouling during the RO process. When the UF blanch water permeate was processed by RO, linear relationships between pressure and flux were observed at all concentrations tested. The blanch water was concentrated by UF/RO from 2% to 13% total solids at 60°C and 120 KPa/5000 KPa operating pressures with flux higher than 15 L/m² hr. Maximum concentration obtained was approximately 20% total solids with 90% recovery of the nonvolatiles. Recoveries of some major volatiles were above 50%. Panelists could not differentiate the original from the reconstituted blanch waters in sensory evaluations.     

天然抗氧化剂抑制曲奇中丙烯酰胺含量的研究

采用天然抗氧化剂荞麦、孜然和黑种草籽抑制曲奇中丙烯酰胺的生成。研究这3种配料对面粉中丙烯酰胺前体的含量、面粉和曲奇抗氧化的特性、曲奇烘焙特性和丙烯酰胺含量的影响,结果表明：这3种配料组合都可以增加面粉中还原糖和天门冬酰胺的含量,也可以增加面粉和曲奇的抗氧化特性(包括总酚类物质、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS+·的抑制能力)。当所添加的天然抗氧化剂含量增加时,曲奇颜色变深,表现为更低的L*,a*和b*值;荞麦和孜然的引入会增加曲奇中的水分含量,而黑种草籽则相反。所有天然抗氧化剂组合都可以增加曲奇的延展率。未添加天然抗氧化剂的曲奇中丙烯酰胺的含量为361.2μg/kg,而单独添加15%荞麦、15%孜然和15%黑种草籽使得曲奇中丙烯酰胺的含量分别降低了20.2%、67.6%和75.9%。感官分析结果表明：富含天然抗氧化剂的曲奇都可以被人们所喜欢。     

Relation of Single-Crystal Elastic Constants to Polycrystalline Isotropic Elastic Moduli of MgO: II, Temperature Dependence

The technical adiabatic elastic moduli E_[hkl] and G_hkl of single crystals of magnesium oxide were measured over the temperature range 298° to about 1600°K by a Förster-type resonance method. These data were compared with the low-temperature values (80° to 560°K) of the principal elastic constants c_ij and coefficients Sy reported by Durand. Combining Durand's data and the present data, the elastic moduli for single-crystal magnesium oxide were evaluated for the temperature range 80° to 1600°K. Young's modulus and the shear modulus of densely formed isotropic polycrystalline magnesium oxide were measured over the temperature range 298° to 1600°K. The data on the elastic constants of the single crystals were compared with the measured elastic moduli of the isotropic polycrystalline magnesium oxide on the basis of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation. The temperature dependence of the elastic moduli was fitted into the expression M = M_c— BT exp (—T_c/T) suggested by Wachtman et al. ; mean deviations were less than 0.4% for the temperature range considered. The significance of the present data is discussed with particular emphasis on the following points: (1) the temperature variation of the elastic modulus is a function of thermal expansion, (2) the temperature dependence of the elastic modulus can be well described by the foregoing expression for a wide range of temperature, (3) the expression gives a value of the elastic modulus at 0°K, and (4) it may be possible to make use of measurements on the elastic properties of a densely sintered polycrystalline material to obtain information heretofore obtainable only from the corresponding single-crystal data.     

稀疏标签传播:一种鲁棒的领域适应学习方法

稀疏表示因其所具有的鲁棒性,在模式分类领域逐渐得到关注.研究了一种基于稀疏保留模型的新颖领域适应学习方法,并提出一种鲁棒的稀疏标签传播领域适应学习(sparse label propagation domain adaptation learning,简称SLPDAL)算法.SLPDAL通过将目标领域数据进行稀疏重构,以实现源领域数据标签向目标领域平滑传播.具体来讲,SLPDAL算法分为3步:首先,基于领域间数据分布均值差最小化准则寻求一个优化的核空间,并将领域数据嵌入到该核空间;然后,在该嵌入核空间,基于l₁-范最小化准则计算各领域数据的核稀疏重构系数;最后,通过保留领域数据间核稀疏重构系数约束,实现源领域数据标签向目标领域的传播.最后,将SLPDAL算法推广到多核学习框架,提出一个SLPDAL多核学习模型.在鲁棒人脸识别、视频概念检测和文本分类等领域适应学习任务上进行比较实验,所提出的方法取得了优于或可比较的学习性能.     

梯度孔隙率与大孔隙尺寸NiTi形状记忆合金的制备及其相变和超弹性行为

利用低温分解型造孔剂与梯级热等静压烧结和常规烧结的匹配工艺成功制备出了梯度孔隙率与大孔隙尺寸多孔NiTi形状记忆合金.多孔合金的孔隙率为30%-61%,孔隙平均尺寸可根据不同预处理工艺在50-500 μm之间变化,且具有较高的开孔率(最高可达85%).所制备的径向梯度孔隙率多孔NiTi合金具有良好的力学性能,线性超弹性应变大于4%;热分析和XRD分析表明,所制备的多孔合金呈现明显的马氏体转变和逆转变特征,相变特征温度随孔隙率的提高而降低.     

脉冲激光沉积制备的HT-LiCoO2薄膜中Li离子表观扩散的研究

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在镀Pt的Si衬底上制备了LiCoO2薄膜,运用XRD、Raman光谱、SEM和循环伏安等方法对其结构与电化学性能进行表征,在此基础上着重采用电位间歇滴定技术(PITT)对其Li离子表观扩散进行了分析.结果表明,600 ℃制备的LiCoO2薄膜为HT-LiCoO2相,呈柱状晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸在100 nm以下,结晶度高,并且具有明显的[001]择优取向,但少量缺Li.伏安循环曲线表明,该LiCoO2薄膜具有良好的电化学可逆性,但只在3.9 V(vs Li/Li )附近出现一对氧化还原峰.PITT测试表明,PLD方法制备的HT-LiCoO2薄膜的Li离子扩散系数在10-8-10-9cm2/s,与其它方法(如射频磁控溅射)制备的HT-LiCoO2薄膜相比,扩散系数高1-2个数量级;并且PLD方法制备的HT-LiCoO2薄膜中Li离子扩散系数与相变有关,在两相共存区,由于相界钉扎的作用,Li离子扩散系数比其它区域小1-2个数量级.     

Selective catalytic NOx reduction on Antimony promoted V2O5-Sb/TiO2 catalyst

Quantum chemical calculation was carried out to choose a promoter which can reduce the poisoning of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts by SO2.Several atoms were chosen as candidates and new catalysts were synthesized by impregnation method.The NOx conversion rate was measured at temperatures between 100 and 400 ℃ and poisoning effect was investigated.The most promising candidate promoter, Se, was excluded because of its high vapor pressure.On the other hand, Sb shows best promoting properties.Sb promoted catalyst reaches the maximum NOx conversion rate at 250 ℃.It also shows considerably enhanced resistance to poisoning of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts by SO2.     

Separated Same Rectangle Feature for Face Detection

The paper proposes a new method of "Separated Same Rectangle Feature (SSRF)" for face detection.Generally,Haar-Like feature is used to make an Adaboost training algorithm with strong classifier.Haar-like feature is composed of two or more attached same rectangles,Inefficiency of the Haar-like feature often results from two or more attached same rectangles.But the proposed SSRF are composed of two separated same rectangles.So,it is very flexible and detailed.Therefore it creates more accuate strong classifier than Haar-Like feature.SSRF uses integral image to reduce executive time.Haar-Iike feature calculates the sum of intensities of pixels on two or more rectangles.But SSRF always calculates the sum of in-tensities of pixels on only two rectangles.The weak classifier of Ada-boost algorithm based on SSRF is faster than one based an Haar-likefeature.In the experiment,we use 1 000 face images and 1 000non-face images for Adaboost training.The proposed SSRF shows about 0,9% higher accuracy than Haar-Iike features.     

Development of Independent Moving Puppet Robot

This paper is about the automation of the marionette performance.A method to solve the problem on the mobility of the automated marionette performance is proposed.Since it is difficult to control the marionette by hands,as an alternative,the automated marionette is studied.Hovever,the automatic marionette performance is limited in the silence and mobility.Therefore,an independent shifter to move freely on the stage is required.The magnetic device which connects the movable robot and the marionette controlling robot is conceived.The magnetic device is improved and applied by considering the features of the marionette robot,which is the irregular movement of the marionette controller and of the parallel limited area.The burden of being trapped on the magnet is minimized by dividing the robot to the upper and lower parts of the marionette performance stage.The direction of the magnet is considered to make the mobile robot to move freely.Thus,the efficiency and safety of the device is confirmed by balancing the strength with the permanent magnet.