Authentication of Vehicles and Road Side Units in Intelligent Transportation System

Security threats to smart and autonomous vehicles cause potential consequences such as traffic accidents, economically damaging traffic jams, hijacking, motivating to wrong routes, and financial losses for businesses and governments. Smart and autonomous vehicles are connected wirelessly, which are more attracted for attackers due to the open nature of wireless communication. One of the problems is the rogue attack, in which the attacker pretends to be a legitimate user or access point by utilizing fake identity. To figure out the problem of a rogue attack, we propose a reinforcement learning algorithm to identify rogue nodes by exploiting the channel state information of the communication link. We consider the communication link between vehicle-tovehicle, and vehicle-to-infrastructure. We evaluate the performance of our proposed technique by measuring the rogue attack probability, false alarm rate (FAR), misdetection rate (MDR), and utility function of a receiver based on the test threshold values of reinforcement learning algorithm. The results show that the FAR and MDR are decreased significantly by selecting an appropriate threshold value in order to improve the receiver’s utility.     

Measurement of Thermal Transport Properties with an Improved Transient Plane Source Technique

The transient plane source (TPS) technique has been revised with the aim of developing a simple and fast system to measure the thermal transport properties of materials at low temperatures, especially high-T _c superconductors. To ensure reliable results, any new system should be tested with known samples. Fused silica, 0.9% carbon steel (215/3), and halide crystals (silver chloride) were studied with the new setup to check its performance. Data were taken from room temperature down to liquid nitrogen temperature. The assembly was designed for cryogenic (79 to 300 K) measurements in an atmosphere free of humidity. Dry nitrogen gas was used as a heat transfer medium around the sample holder assembly. The measured values for thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of these samples are in excellent agreement with values reported earlier. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for silver chloride crystals are extended down to 80 K although recommended data were available only down to 220 K. A Ba-doped, Bi-based, high-T _c superconductor was prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The nominal composition used was Bi_1.6Pb_0.4Sr_1.6Ba_0.4Ca₂Cu₃O_y. Large-sized samples (diameter 28mm and length 11mm) are investigated for thermal transport properties.     

Time‐between‐events control charts for an exponentiated class of distributions of the renewal process

Time‐between‐events control charts are commonly used to monitor high‐quality processes and have several advantages over the ordinary control charts. In this article, we present some new control charts based on the renewal process, where a class of absolutely continuous exponentiated distributions is assumed for the time between events. This class includes the generalized exponential, generalized Rayleigh, and exponentiated Pareto distributions. Although we discuss the design structure for all the mentioned distributions, our main focus will be on the generalized exponential distribution due to its practical relevance and popularity. Since the generalized exponential distribution is a generalization of the traditional exponential distribution, the new control chart is more flexible than the existing exponential time‐between‐events charts. The control chart performance is evaluated in terms of some useful measures, including the average run length (ARL), the expected quadratic loss, continuous ranked probability, and the relative ARL. The effect of parameter estimation using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods on the ARL is also discussed in this article. The study also presents an illustrative example and 4 case studies to highlight the practical relevance of the proposal.     

Mapping wheat response to variations in N,P, Zn,and irrigation using an unmanned aerial vehicle

ABSTRACT

The ability to identify the vulnerable regions within the crop fields assist the farmers in executing the counter plans precisely. In this regard, the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with red-green-blue and multispectral sensors have added a new dimension in precision agriculture for a broad range of applications. In this study, we present the transformation of an off-the-shelf quadrotor platform into an aerial-crop-observer by adding customized payload capable of delivering high-resolution multispectral imagery. The main objective of the study was to aerially quantify the response of wheat crop under the influence of different elements critical to crop health, i.e. nitrogen (N), phosphorus, zinc, irrigation levels (I), and agro-climatological conditions. Two different experimental plots with different varieties of wheat crop were selected for the study. The vegetation indices were derived after all the necessary radiometric and geometrical corrections. The linear estimation models were developed to assess the grain yield, aboveground biomass, and leaf area index. Our results indicate that high-resolution multispectral imagery acquired through lightweight UAVs offers a standing potential for quantifying aerial observations of wheat crop under a variety of field-inputs. The study is characterized through respective soil analysis, applied field inputs, calibration of aerial image sensors, the agro-climatological observations, and derivations of vegetation indices.     

Coordinated opportunistic routing protocol for wireless mesh networks

Opportunistic routing is an emerging research area in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), that exploits the broadcast nature of wireless networks to find the optimal routing solution that maximizes throughput and minimizes packet loss. Opportunistic routing protocols mainly suffer from computational overheads, as most of the protocols try to find the best next forwarding node. In this paper we address the key issue of computational overhead by designing new routing technique without using pre-selected list of potential forwarders. We propose a novel opportunistic routing technique named, Coordinated Opportunistic Routing Protocol for WMNs (CORP-M). We compare CORP-M with well-known protocols, such as AODV, OLSR, and ROMER based on throughput, delivery ratio, and average end-to-end delay. Simulation results show that CORP-M, gives average throughput increase upto 32%, and increase in delivery ratio (from 10% to 20%). We also analyze the performance of CORP-M and ROMER based on various parameters, such as duplicate transmissions and network collisions, by analysis depicts that CORP-M reduces duplicate transmissions upto 70% and network collisions upto 30%.     

Retention and stability of bioactive compounds in functional peach beverage using pasteurization,microwave and ultrasound technologies

Food Science and Biotechnology - The peach functional beverages pasteurized for 10 min at 90 °C, microwaved for 1.5 min at 850 W of power and sonicated for...     

Effect of additives on the properties and performance of cellulose acetate derivative membranes in the separation of isopropanol/water mixtures

In this work, various cellulose acetate (CA) membranes for pervaporation were prepared by the incorporation of different additives, i.e. polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600), propylene glycol (PG), and ethylene glycol (EG) to enhance the separation of isopropanol (IPA)/water mixtures. These membranes were characterized by FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM and UTM. Each additive was responsible for its characteristic effect on the membrane morphology, mechanical strength, permeation flux and separation factor. The SEM micrograph showed that the additives were evenly dispersed in the membrane matrix with the formation of dense membranes. The UTM tests for the membrane reveled that both the Young's Modulus and tensile strength increased with the increase in additive contents. TGA studies for the CA/PEG blend membrane exhibited the highest thermal stability as compared to the CA/PG and CA/EG blends. For each of these synthesized membranes, the separation factor decreased while the permeation flux increased with the increase in additive contents, while the CA/PG membrane with 20 wt.% additive content showed highest permeation flux of 452.27 g/m²h.     

Separation and identification of isomeric conjugated fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection

A simple, high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the separation of tetraenoic, trienoic and dienoic conjugated fatty acids on a Zorbax ODS reversed-phase column using acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran (95∶5, vol/vol) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min as mobile phase. Also described is the separation of the isomeric conjugated fatty acids with acetonitrile/water/tetrahydrofuran (90∶90∶1, by vol) as mobile phase. The simultaneous detection and identification of the separated geometrical isomers in the eluant was accomplished using photodiode array detection.