Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing via Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization,Angiogenesis, and Collagen Deposition

Some scholars have suggested that the clinical application of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs-exo) might represent a novel strategy to improve diabetic wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of hucMSCs-exo on wound healing remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the mechanism of hucMSCs-exo in treating diabetic wounds. HucMSCs-exo were isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) and subcutaneously injected into full-thickness wounds in diabetic rats. Wound healing closure rates and histological analysis were performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage mannose receptor (MMR/CD206), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The degree of collagen deposition was examined using Masson’s trichrome staining. Gross evaluation of wound healing was carried out from day 0 to 14 post-surgery, and the wound site was harvested for histology on days 3, 7, and 14 post-wounding. HucMSCs-exo transplantation increased diabetic wound healing. In vitro, hucMSCs-exo promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and NIH-3T3 cells. In vivo, hucMSCs-exo reduced wound area and inflammatory infiltration and increased collagen fibers. In addition, wound tissues in the hucMSCs-exo group had higher CD206, CD31, and VEGF expressions and lower TNF-α levels than those in the control group on day 14. Our results demonstrated that hucMSCs-exo facilitated diabetic wound repair by inducing anti-inflammatory macrophages and promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition.     

Isoricinoleic acid inSemecarpus kurzii seed oil

Seed oil ofSemecarpus kurzii was found to contain 10.5% of 9-hydroxy-cis-12-enoic (isoricinoleic) acid along with the usual fatty acids. The identification of the hydroxy acid was made on the basis of chromatographic, spectroscopic and chemical methods, with isoricinoleic acid used as the reference standard.     

Chemical investigation of Acacia seed oils

The seed oils of Acacia mollissima, A. torta, A. lenticularis and A. nilotica are found to contain 6.2, 5.3, 4.7 and 3.1%, respectively, cor-onaric acid in addition to other fatty acids. The structure of coronaric acid was established by chemical and physical methods using Chrysanthemum coronarium seed oil and its derived coronaric acid as the reference sample.     

A survey on Urdu and Urdu like language stemmers and stemming techniques

Stemming is one of the basic steps in natural language processing applications such as information retrieval, parts of speech tagging, syntactic parsing and machine translation, etc. It is a morphological process that intends to convert the inflected forms of a word into its root form. Urdu is a morphologically rich language, emerged from different languages, that includes prefix, suffix, infix, co-suffix and circumfixes in inflected and multi-gram words that need to be edited in order to convert them into their stems. This editing (insertion, deletion and substitution) makes the stemming process difficult due to language morphological richness and inclusion of words of foreign languages like Persian and Arabic. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of different algorithms and techniques of stemming Urdu text and also considering the syntax, morphological similarity and other common features and stemming approaches used in Urdu like languages, i.e. Arabic and Persian analyzed, extract main features, merits and shortcomings of the used stemming approaches. In this paper, we also discuss stemming errors, basic difference between stemming and lemmatization and coin a metric for classification of stemming algorithms. In the final phase, we have presented the future work directions.     

Effects of lubrication in the oblique stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid

This study investigates the oblique flow of a nanofluid near a stagnation point past a lubricated plate. A power-law fluid is utilized for lubrication. A suitable set of transformation is utilized to obtain system of dimensionless governing equations. A well-known numerical technique known as Keller-box method is employed to get the similar solution. Influence of emerging parameters on the flow characteristics has been discussed in the presence of lubrication through graphs and numerical data ranging from no slip (\(\beta \to \infty )\) to full slip (\(\beta \to 0)\). Impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion is further investigated. A comparison in the special cases between the present and published data validates this work.     

Detecting nonlinear interrelation patterns among process variables using genetic programming

Detecting non-linear interaction patterns among process variables is an important task for fault detection and propagation analysis. There are many statistical and evolutionary techniques being developed in the literature for prediction of interaction strengths but their accuracy is generally unsatisfactory. This study demonstrates an evolutionary programming approach to uncover non-linear relations among process variables. In this study, we make an attempt to use genetic programming (GP) based approach for this purpose. GP overcomes many shortcomings faced by other statistical or evolutionary techniques in this context. The effectiveness, feasibility, and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated on simulated data emanating from a well-known Tennessee Eastman process. The proposed method has successfully achieved reasonable detection and prediction of non-linear interaction patterns among process variables.