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91.
We prepared poly(p‐phenylene pyromellitimide) (PMDA–PDA), poly(p‐phenylene 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalimide), and their copolyimides with various compositions to explore the relationship between the water sorption and structure. The water sorption behaviors were gravimetrically investigated as a function of composition and temperature and interpreted with a Fickian diffusion model in films. Overall, the water sorption behaviors were strongly dependent on the changes in morphological structure, which originated from the variations in composition. When the content of the bulky hexafluoroisopropylidene group (6FDA) was increased, the water uptake decreased from 5.80 to 3.18 wt %, whereas the diffusion coefficient increased from 3.6 × 10?10 to 11.3 × 10?10 cm2/s. The relatively high water uptake in the PMDA–PDA polyimide film was successfully healed by the incorporation of 6FDA, which may have resulted from the increases in the intermolecular packing order and hydrophobicity. The degree of orientation and crystallinity, which are in‐plane characteristics, were directly correlated to the diffusion coefficient and activation energy in the polyimide film. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3442–3446, 2003 相似文献
92.
Efective Object Identification and Association by Varying Coverage Through RFID Power Control简 下载免费PDF全文
Shung Han Cho Member EEE Kyung Hoon Kim IEEE Sangjin Hong Senior Member IEEE 《计算机科学技术学报》2014,29(1):4-20
This paper presents an effective power scheduling strategy for energy efficient multiple objects identification and association. The proposed method can be utilized in many heterogeneous surveillance systems with visual sensors and RFID (radio-frequency identification) readers where energy efficiency as well as association rate are critical Multiple objects positions and trajectory estimates are used to decide the power level of RFID readers. Several key parameters including the time windows and the distance separations are defined in the method in order to minimize the effects of RFID coverage uncertainty. The power cost model is defined and incorporated into the method to minimize energy consumption and to maximize association performance. The proposed method computes the power cost using the range of the outermost position for possible single association and group associations at every sampling time. An RFID reader is activated with the proper coverage range when the power cost for the current time is lower than the power cost for the next time sample. The simplicity of the power cost model relieves the problematic combinatorial comparisons in multiple object cases. The performance comparison simulation with the minimum and maximum energy consumption shows that the proposed method achieves fast single associations with less energy consumption. Finally, the realistic comparison simulation with the fixed range RFID readers demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms the fixed ranges in terms of single association rate and energy consumption. 相似文献
93.
Sang?Sung?Lee Soo?Chool?Lee Jae?Chang?KimEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2002,19(3):406-410
O-alkylation reaction of hydroquinone with excess methanol was performed by using alkali metal ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts
in a slurry type reactor to substitute the solid zeolite catalysts for the homogeneous liquid phase catalysts. This was also
done to produce selectively mono-alkylated 4-methoxyphenol, a valuable intermediate for the perfume, flavor, food and photo
industries. The effects of the basicity of various zeolites and reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time and
the amount of catalyst on the catalytic activity and selectivity were tested to maximize the yield of 4-methoxyphenol. Thus
far, 84% selectivity at 95% conversion of hydroquinone was obtained at the optimum reaction conditions (240 ‡C, reaction with
0.6 g catalyst for 16 h), which was thought to result from the strong basic property and shape selectivity of the Cs ion-exchanged
NaX zeolite. 相似文献
94.
The hydrodynamic and gas mixing characteristics have been determined in a FCC regenerator (0.48 m I.D.x3.4 m high) with FCC
particles. Solids holdup in the dense bed decreases with increasing gas velocity, but it increases in the freeboard region.
The bubble/void fraction increases with an increase along the bed height at a given gas velocity and increases with increasing
gas velocity at a constant bed height. Backmixed tracer gas at the wall region is higher than that at the center region of
the bed. The gas backmixing coefficient decreases with increasing gas velocity. 相似文献
95.
Stormer-numerov approximation for numerical solutions of ordinary and partial differential equations
Stormer-Numerov approximations of high accuracy were developed for solutions of non-linear boundary value problems and nonlinear
elliptic partial differential equations. The approximations can be easily adopted also for parabolic partial differential
equations in one and more space dimensions and feature fourth-order accuracy. For boundary value problems only three nodes
are necessary to obtain the desired fourth order accuracy. The finite difference formula for parabolic partial differential
equations can be readily generalized to a nonequidistant mesh so that automatic regridding in space may be used. The Stomer-Numerov
approximations are important for solution of problems where storage limitations and computer time expenditure preclude standard
second order methods. Because of the fourth order approximations a low number of mesh points can be used for a majority of
chemical engineering problems. The application of Stormer-Numerov approximations is illustrated on a number of examples. 相似文献
96.
97.
The effects of reaction temperature, pressure and residence time were investigated with a flow apparatus. Cellobiose decomposition
kinetics and products in suband supercritical water were examined at temperatures from 320 to 420 °C at pressures from 25
to 40 MPa, and at residence times within 3 sec. Cellobiose was found to decompose via hydrolysis and pyrolysis. The yield
of desired hydrolysis product, glucose, was the maximum value of 36.8% at 320 °C, 35 MPa, but the amount of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
(HMF), fermentation inhibitor increased too because residence time increased in the subcritical region owing to decrease of
reaction rate. Meanwhile, though the yield of glucose is low in the supercritical region, the yield of HMF decreased compared
with the subcritical region; and at the minimum yield of HMF (380 °C, 25 MPa), the yield of glucose was 21.4%. The decomposition
of cellobiose followed first-order kinetics and the activation energy for the decomposition of cellobiose was 51.05 kJ/mol
at 40MPa. 相似文献
98.
Electrochemical cell current requirements for toxic organic waste destruction in Ce(IV)-mediated electrochemical oxidation process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vasily V. Kokovkin Sang Joon Chung Subramanian Balaji Manickam Matheswaran Il-Shik Moon 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2007,24(5):749-756
The electrochemical cell for cerium oxidation and reactor for organic destruction are the most important operation units for
the successful working mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process. In this study, electrochemical cells with DSA electrodes
of two types, single stack and double stack connected in series, were used. The performances towards the electrochemical generation
of Ce(IV) in nitric acid media at 80 °C were studied. The current-voltage curves and cerium electrolysis kinetics showed the
dependence on number of cell stacks needed to be connected in series for the destruction of a given quantity of organic pollutant.
The presence of an optimum region for Ce(III) oxidation with a contribution of oxygen evolution, especially at low Ce(III)
concentration (high conversion ratios), was found. The cells were applied for the Ce(IV) regeneration during the organic destruction.
The cell and reactor processes were fitted in a simple model proposed and used to calculate the current needed in terms of
Ce(III) oxidation rate and the number of cell stacks required for maintaining Ce(IV)/Ce(III) ratio at the same level during
the organic destruction. This consideration was based on the kinetic model previously developed by us for the organic destruction
in the MEO process. 相似文献
99.
Summary
We prepared the photorefractive sol-gel glass based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials containing a charge transporting
molecule, second-order nonlinear optical chromophore, photosensitizer, and plasticizer. Carbazole and 2-{ 4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)
methylamino]benzylidene}malononitrile were reacted with 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane and the functionalized silanes
were employed to fabricate the efficient photorefractive media including 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF) to form a charge transfer
complex. The simplest way to vary the composition in the matrix was to mix the desired amount of the functionalized alkoxysilane.
The prepared sol-gel glass samples contained a large amount of nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore compared to that of the
charge transporting molecules. They showed a large net gain coefficient and high diffraction efficiency at certain conditions.
Received:27 May 2002/Revised version:23 August 2002/Accepted:7 September 2002
Correspondence to Dong Hoon Choi E-mail: dhchoi@khu.ac.kr 相似文献
100.
含氟有机化合物氟化反应研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了含氟有机化合物的优点,一些常用的含氟有机化合物的分类和适用性,并介绍了主要的合成方法,按照合成物质的种类分为含氟非成环烷烃类、含氟环烷烃类及其衍生物和各自不同的应用.叙述了引入F原子或引入含氟端基的方法:电化学反应法、聚合反应法和其它反应法. 相似文献