挥发份燃烧生成NO的试验研究

对铜川贫煤进行了挥发份析出和燃烧试验。通过测取和分析挥发份燃烧后烟气中NO，对铜川贫煤挥发份中氮的赋存及迁移规律进行了探索和研究，研究表明，铜川煤的挥发份中氮的赋存形态至少为2种，随着挥发份燃烧温度的升高，NO浓度峰值的出现时间的向前移动，挥发份燃烧温度上升到1673K以后，虽然有利于热力型NO的生成，但对燃料型NO的形成有一定的抑制作用，研究结果为进一步完善煤燃烧理论，有效控制煤燃烧过程中氮氧化物的生成提供了必要的理论基础。     

Property enhancement in unsaturated polyester nanocomposites by using a reactive intercalant for clay modification

Polymeric nanocomposites were synthesized from unsaturated polyester (UPE) matrix and montmorillonite (MMT) clay using an in situ free radical polymerization reaction. Organophilic MMT was obtained using a quaternary salt of coco amine as intercalant having a styryl group making it a reactive intercalant. The resultant nanocomposites were characterized via X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of increased nanofiller loading on the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. All the nanocomposites were found to have improved thermal and mechanical properties as compared with neat UPE matrix, resulting from the contribution of nanolayer connected intercalant‐to‐crosslinker which allows a crosslinking reaction. It was found that the partially exfoliated nanocomposite structure with an exfoliation dominant morphology was achieved when the MMT loading was 1 wt %. This nanocomposite exhibited the highest thermal stability, the best dynamic mechanical performance and the highest crosslinking density, most probably due to more homogeneous dispersion and optimum amount of styrene monomer molecules inside and outside the MMT layers at 1 wt % loading. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Effect of 18∶1n−9, 20∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3 on lipid accumulation and secretion by atlantic salmon hepatocytes

We have studied the effects of dietary FA on the accumulation and secretion of [³H]glycerolipids by salmon hepatocytes in culture. Atlantic salmon were fed diets supplemented with either 100% soybean oil (SO) or 100% fish oil (FO), and grew from an initial weight of 113±5 g to a final weight of 338 ±19 g. Hepatocytes were isolated from both dietary groups and incubated with [³H]glycerol in an FA-free medium; a medium supplemented with 0.75 mM of one of three FA—18∶1n−9, 20∶5n−3, or 22∶6n−3—or a medium supplemented with 0.75 mM of the sulfur-substituted FA analog tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), which cannot undergo β-oxidation. Incubations were allowed to proceed for 1,2,6, or 24 h. The rate of the secretion of radioactive glycerolipids with no FA added was 36% lower from hepatocytes isolated from fish fed the FO diet than it was from hepatocytes isolated from fish fed the SO diet. Hepatocytes incubated with 18∶1n−9 secreted more [³H]TAG than when incubated with no FA, whereas hepatocytes incubated with 20∶5n−3 or TTA secreted less labeled TAG than when incubated with no FA. This observation was independent of the feeding group. Hepatocytes incubated with 22∶6n−3 secreted the highest amounts of total [³H]glycerolipids compared with the other treatments, owing to increased secretion of phospholipids and mono- and diacylglycerols (MDG). In contrast, the same amounts of [³H]TAG were secreted from these cells as from cells incubated in an FA-free medium. The lipid-lowering effect of FO is thus independent of 22∶6n−3, showing that 20∶5n−3 is the FA that is responsible for the lipid-lowering effect. The ratio of TAG to MDG in lipids secreted from hepatocytes to which 20∶5n−3 or TTA had been added was lower than that in lipids secreted from hepatocytes incubated with 18∶1n−9 or 22∶6n−3, suggesting that the last step in TAG synthesis was inhibited. Morphometric measurements revealed that hepatocytes incubated with 20∶5n−3 accumulated significantly more cellular lipid than cells treated with 18∶1n−9, 22∶6n−3, TTA, or no treatment. The area occupied by mitochondria was also greater in these cells. The present study shows that dietary FO reduces TAG secretion from salmon hepatocytes and that 20∶5n−3 mediates this effect.     

Ta2O5/Nb2O5 and Y2O3 Co-doped Zirconias for Thermal Barrier Coatings

Zirconia doped with 3.2–4.2 mol% (6–8 wt%) yttria (3–4YSZ) is currently the material of choice for thermal barrier coating topcoats. The present study examines the ZrO₂-Y₂O₃-Ta₂O₅/Nb₂O₅ systems for potential alternative chemistries that would overcome the limitations of the 3–4YSZ. A rationale for choosing specific compositions based on the effect of defect chemistry on the thermal conductivity and phase stability in zirconia-based systems is presented. The results show that it is possible to produce stable (for up to 200 h at 1000°–1500°C), single (tetragonal) or dual (tetragonal + cubic) phase chemistries that have thermal conductivity that is as low (1.8–2.8W/m K) as the 3–4YSZ, a wide range of elastic moduli (150–232 GPa), and a similar mean coefficient of thermal expansion at 1000°C. The chemistries can be plasma sprayed without change in composition or deleterious effects to phase stability. Preliminary burner rig testing results on one of the compositions are also presented.     

分子尺度反应动力学模型构建在催化裂化/裂解过程中的应用进展

随着环保法规的日益严格和成品油质量标准的持续升级,对催化裂化/裂解过程的产品要求和控制逐渐精细到分子级别,可靠的分子尺度反应动力学模型是实现催化裂化/裂解过程分子管理的关键所在。本文简述了催化裂化/裂解的反应机理和反应类型,回顾了近三十年来不同方法对催化裂化/裂解过程反应网络和分子尺度反应动力学模型构建的研究进展。重点对不同模型构建技术的优缺点进行了详细的对比分析,指出了催化裂化/裂解过程分子尺度反应动力学模型构建的研究方向：开发更为精细的石油分子分析表征技术,构建与催化剂失活和反应器模型相结合的分子尺度反应动力学模型,实现基于分子管理的催化裂化/裂解过程反应器设计和工艺工程放大。此外,指出建立对分子集构建、反应网络构建和动力学参数求解的集成化平台是分子尺度反应动力学发展的必然趋势。     

需求连续的无向网络上最小距离和问题算法

设施位置优化决策是运筹学中的最重要领域和供应链战略规划的一个很重要的部分。企业在建立分散的服务系统时,会面对如何选择服务设施建立位置才能使设施与客户距离的平均值最小的问题,这里将运涛学与图论相结合,提出的有连续需求无向网络上的MSP（MiniSum problem最小距离和问题）算法,并开发了一个基于此算法的计算机程序。此算法能够解决任意平面图上的最小加权距离总和问题,并且以离散方法代替导数方法来寻找图上距所有需求的加权距离总和最小眯的位置。这里对所提出的算法进行了数值例子验证,证明本算法由于避免了NP问题,所以能够在较短的时间里求出可行解。     

基于小波变换的智能混合诊断系统

介绍了计算智能的主要内容和研究方法及其在故障诊断中的应用，讨论了小波变换在故障诊断中的重要作用，提出了一种基于小波变换的智能混合诊断系统。     

Micro-RNA and Proteomic Profiles of Plasma-Derived Exosomes from Irradiated Mice Reveal Molecular Changes Preventing Apoptosis in Neonatal Cerebellum

Cell communication via exosomes is capable of influencing cell fate in stress situations such as exposure to ionizing radiation. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that exosomes might play a role in out-of-target radiation effects by carrying molecular signaling mediators of radiation damage, as well as opposite protective functions resulting in resistance to radiotherapy. However, a global understanding of exosomes and their radiation-induced regulation, especially within the context of an intact mammalian organism, has been lacking. In this in vivo study, we demonstrate that, compared to sham-irradiated (SI) mice, a distinct pattern of proteins and miRNAs is found packaged into circulating plasma exosomes after whole-body and partial-body irradiation (WBI and PBI) with 2 Gy X-rays. A high number of deregulated proteins (59% of WBI and 67% of PBI) was found in the exosomes of irradiated mice. In total, 57 and 13 miRNAs were deregulated in WBI and PBI groups, respectively, suggesting that the miRNA cargo is influenced by the tissue volume exposed to radiation. In addition, five miRNAs (miR-99b-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200a, miR-182-5p, miR-182) were commonly overexpressed in the exosomes from the WBI and PBI groups. In this study, particular emphasis was also given to the determination of the in vivo effect of exosome transfer by intracranial injection in the highly radiosensitive neonatal cerebellum at postnatal day 3. In accordance with a major overall anti-apoptotic function of the commonly deregulated miRNAs, here, we report that exosomes from the plasma of irradiated mice, especially in the case of WBI, prevent radiation-induced apoptosis, thus holding promise for exosome-based future therapeutic applications against radiation injury.     

Allochthonous blocks misidentified as the basement: Implication for petroleum exploration in the SW Thrace Basin (Turkey)

The sedimentary sequence of the SW Thrace Basin (NW Turkey) comprises of three major sedimentary packages: a) Cretaceous (Meastrichtien)–Early Eocene package formed as pelagic carbonate, turbidite, shelf and nearshore-fluvial deposits, b) Middle Eocene–Early Oligocene package formed as shallow marine, slope apron and turbidite sediments, c) Middle Miocene–Early Pliocene package formed as alluvial fan-fluvial and nearshore deposits. This basin is structurally complex and its southern margin is represented by a fold-thrust zone. The Westward Propagation of the North Anatolian Fault (WPNAF) intersects the Thrace Basin along its southwestern flank. In the SW Thrace Basin, there are ophiolite and limestone blocks in the sedimentary succession, which previously were interpreted as suture of the Intra-Pontide Ocean, Cretaceous aged Yeniköy Mélange or Olistostromal Unit in the Eocene sediments. In this study these rocks have been defined as allochthonous blocks facies of the Gaziköy Formation aged Middle–Late Eocene.In previous studies the Karaağaç Formation (Early Eocene) was considered to be within oil window and have an average potential for oil and gas generation. According to our data the Karaağaç Formation has a moderate TOC content, is mature and overmature. In the study area, there are potential stratigraphic traps (submarine fans and channels of the Karaağaç and Keşan Formations, fluvial channels of the Fıçıtepe Formation and reefs of the Soğucak Formation), potential fractured tuffs (the Gaziköy Formation) and, potential structural traps related to the folds, thrusts and the WPNAF. Although 17 exploration wells have been drilled in the study area and vicinity, no discovery has yet been made. The cause of this may be that the wells were terminated at depths shallower than potential targets or possibly drilling may have been terminated at the allochthonous block facies of the Gaziköy Formation, which is especially derived from ophiolite mélange and was misidentified as basement.     

加成型有机硅反应过程的实时监测

用实时傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对乙烯基硅橡胶和含氢硅油的加成聚合过程进行了表征，得到了基团浓度消耗比反应时间变化的曲线，结果表明，在反应过程中，硅氢基与乙烯基的浓度减少呈非线性关系，这可能是硅氢基在反应过程中与空气中的物质进行了反应，从而在消耗量上较乙烯基多的缘故。