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61.
电力系统电流互感器饱和特性的柔性神经网络补偿法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
葛宝明 《中国电机工程学报》2006,26(16):150-156
电流互感器(CT)由于饱和使得副边电流变形,进而导致保护与测量应用中的许多问题。为此,提出一种补偿CT饱和特性的方法,以改善其测量性能。所提算法基于具有2个可变参数的sigmoid函数,构建了新型柔性神经网络,以估算CT励磁电流。实时地将估算所得励磁电流与扭曲的副边测量电流相加,即得补偿后原边电流。在学习过程中,所建补偿器的各柔性神经元柔性地改变其形状以适应各自的角色,高度柔性特点增强了网络学习能力,不但可减少网络节点数,而且可减少迭代学习时间。仿真研究中,应用一个900:5A的CT测试所提出的补偿器,测试时考虑了CT原边电流不同直流分量、CT剩磁大小与CT负载特性的影响。仿真结果验证了所提补偿方法的高精度,而且不受CT负载特性、CT剩磁情况及原边电流直流成分的影响。 相似文献
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64.
M. A. P. Almeida L. S. Cavalcante M. Siu Li J. A. Varela E. Longo 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2012,22(1):264-271
Manganese tungstate (MnWO4) nanorods were prepared at room temperature by the co-precipitation method and synthesized after processing in a microwave-hydrothermal
(MH) system at 140 °C for 6–96 min. These nanorods were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinements
and Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy. The growth direction, shape and average size distribution of nanorods were
observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HR-TEM). The optical properties of the
nanorods were investigated by ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD patterns,
Rietveld refinement data and FT-Raman spectroscopy indicate that the MnWO4 precipitate is not a single phase structure while the nanorods synthesized by MH processing have a wolframite-type monoclinic
structure without deleterious phases. FT-Raman spectra exhibited the presence of 17 Raman-active modes from 50 to 1,000 cm−1. TEM and HR-TEM micrographs indicated that the nanorods are aggregated due to surface energy by Van der Waals forces and
grow along the [100] direction. UV–vis absorption measurements confirmed non-linear values for the optical band gap (from
3.2 to 2.72 eV), which increased as the MH processing time increased. The structural characterizations indicated that the
presence of defects in the MnWO4 precipitate promotes a significant contribution to maximum PL emission, while MnWO4 nanorods obtained by MH processing decrease the PL emission due to the reduction of defects in the lattice. 相似文献
65.
Hygrothermal ageing of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 6 reinforced with 30 wt% of glass fibers (PA6GF30) was undertaken. Immersion was conducted in distilled water at 90 °C and 100% relative humidity (RH) for up to 80 days (1920 h). Results revealed a noteworthy decrease either in glass transition temperature Tg or in tensile properties, at early stage of ageing, for both studied materials. This decline was mainly caused by the plasticization effect of water and the weakness of the interfacial interactions leading as a consequence to a loss of adhesion between fiber and matrix. Afterwards, physical and mechanical properties decrease monotonically testifying the occurrence of exhaustive damages and chemical reaction phenomena. Such phenomena were yellowing and crazing formation which were observed for both materials after 1920 h of conditioning. The former is caused by the thermo- oxidation whereas the latter results from the release of internal stresses induced by water sorption. These chemical reactions were monitored by infrared spectroscopy. Thus, an increase of the free N-H stretch and the carbonyl groups (imides) was noted. Accordingly, it seems that long term immersion in distilled water at high temperature induces chemical reactions which indicate the severity of the damage. 相似文献
66.
Ana Dolores Santiago de Freitas Everardo Valadares Sá Barretto de Sampaio Bárbara Laine Ribeiro da Silva Jarcilene Silva de Almeida Cortez R?mulo Sim?es Cezar Menezes 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2012,94(2-3):181-192
Although biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is considered the main input of N in mature and regenerating native tropical vegetation, it has seldom been quantified. Biomass and N accumulation and fixation were determined for spontaneously occurring herbaceous species in caatinga areas in four regeneration stages (2, 17, 39 and >50?years after abandonment from agricultural use). BNF was estimated using the 15N natural-abundance method. The 2-year regeneration area had the highest total herb (6,355?kg?ha?1) and legume (262?kg?ha?1) biomass production, N stocks (82?kg?ha?1) and fixed N (5.0?kg?ha?1). N2-fixing legumes (nine species in the sampled area) contributed over 97?% of legume biomass in all areas. Macroptilium gracile added the largest amount of N (3.9?kg?ha?1 in the 2-year regeneration area) because of its large biomass production (205?kg?ha?1), although it was not the species with the highest proportion of fixed N (76?%). All of the N2-fixing species obtained large proportions of their N from symbiosis, most of them more than 50?%.However, the amounts of fixed N per unit area were relatively low (0.22?C5.00?kg?ha?1) because the biomass of N2-fixing species was always less than 5?% of the total herb biomass. 相似文献
67.
da Silva Edson Santos de Mello Prado Renato Soares Anelisa de Aquino Vidal Lacerda de Almeida Hilario Junior dos Santos Durvalina Maria M. 《SILICON》2021,13(3):813-818
Silicon - Corn plants are highly demanding of nitrogen and the application of silicon has been studied because it minimizes stress from different natures, and for the better utilization of some... 相似文献
68.
Trevor P. Almeida Michael W. Fay Yanqiu Zhu Paul D. Brown 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(14):5546-5560
A feasibility study on the incorporation of cobalt into α-Fe2O3 nanorods (NRs) during hydrothermal synthesis (HS) is presented as a function of FeCl3 and CoCl2 concentration, phosphate surfactant concentration and pH value, with samples assessed using X-ray diffractometry, transmission
electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. No evidence was found for the
incorporation of cobalt into α-Fe2O3 NRs at low pH, whilst synthesis at intermediate and high pH values favoured the formation of CoFe2O4 NPs. The critical role of pH value over the precipitation, size and phase purity of the nanostructured reaction products
is emphasised. At pH ~2, large, well crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and NRs were grown from FeCl3 solution in the absence and presence of phosphate, respectively, whilst no evidence was found for Co precipitation or incorporation
in α-Fe2O3 following HS in the presence of CoCl2. At pH ~8, smaller α-Fe2O3 NPs, as well as Co3O4 and CoFe2O4 NPs were synthesised from FeCl3, CoCl2, or a mixture thereof. HS at pH ~12 produced a mixture of larger CoFe2O4 NPs and α-Fe2O3 NPs depending on the Fe:Co molar ratio. The formation of intermediate metastable (oxy)hydroxide phases is considered pH dependent,
providing for a variety of different reaction pathways. Further, inclusion of preformed Co3O4 and CoFe2O4 NPs to the FeCl3 solution at pH ~2 in the presence of phosphate surfactant resulted in the synthesis of α-Fe2O3 NRs with residual Co3O4 and CoFe2O4 NPs attached to their surfaces. The CoFe2O4 NPs encouraged local dissolution leading to the formation of α-Fe2O3 NR surface corrugations. 相似文献
69.
Vicente M. Gómez-López María I. Gil Ana Allende Jeroen Blancke Lien Schouteten María V. Selma 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2014,7(12):3390-3397
The fresh-cut industry must treat process water to guarantee its microbial quality before reuse or recirculation back into the processing line. In the present study, the suitability of high-power ultrasound (HPU) for disinfecting and recycling process water was evaluated. An ultrasonic horn (20 kHz) was used to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated in five types of process water which showed different physical and chemical characteristics. Differences in the inactivation level of E. coli O157:H7 at different HPU densities (0.14, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kW/L) with controlled (20–25 °C) and uncontrolled (15–72 °C, 3.6 °C/min) temperature increase were studied. Results showed that the higher the power density and temperature, the higher the efficiency, reaching up to 6 log reductions of E. coli O157:H7. Alkalinity (between 0 and 253 mg HCO3 ?/L) and organic matter concentration (between 9 and 3,525 mg O2/L) in water did not reduce ultrasonic efficacy against E. coli O157:H7. Agglomerates >90 μm, which represented 34 % of those present in the process water, were reduced to only 11 % by HPU. Results indicate that HPU can be successfully applied to treat process water of the fresh produce industry because the antimicrobial efficacy was not affected by the continuous variation of the process water quality. HPU can be a suitable technology for the fresh produce industry to be able to reduce consumption of water and decrease wastewater and the generation of disinfection by-products. 相似文献
70.
With energy costs now accounting for nearly 30 % of a datacenter’s operating expenses, energy consumption has become an important issue when designing and executing a parallel algorithm. This paper analyzes the energy consumption of MPI applications following the master–slave paradigm. The analytical model is derived for this paradigm and is validated over a master–slave matrix-multiplication. This analytical model is parameterized through architectural and algorithmic parameters, and it is capable of predicting the energy consumption for a given instance of the problem over a given architecture. We use an external, metered, power distribution unit that allows to easily measure the power consumption of computing nodes without the needing of dedicated hardware. 相似文献