User-centric adaptation of Web information for small screens

A global increase in PDA and cell phone ownership and a rise in the use of wireless services lead mobile browsing to become an important means of Internet access. However, mobile devices have a small screen, which limits the usability of mobile browsing. This paper presents a novel method that automatically adapts a desktop presentation to a mobile presentation, proceeding in two steps: detecting boundaries among different information blocks (i.e., page segmentation) and then generating a user preferred adaptive layout. Distinct from other approaches, our approach analyzes both the DOM structure and the visual layout to detect closely related contents. In the process of page segmentation, our approach first divides a Web page into several common areas (such as top, bottom, and main content), and then further identifies different topics in the main content based on the visual and structural analysis. The page segmentation produces a block tree, which represents the information organization underlying a Web page. Based on the block tree, an adaptive layout, which places closely related information in proximity and minimizes scrolling, is automatically generated. All current approaches support only one fixed style (e.g., a narrow-page style) to render an adaptive layout for a diverse range of users, Websites, and devices. This “one size fits all” strategy could not offer universal usability. Our approach supports a user to flexibly specify the style of an adaptive layout according to his/her personal preferences. The theoretical foundation of such a user-centric adaptive layout is a feature space, which specifies an adaptive layout from different aspects, such as the location and presentation of navigation options. A user can visually manipulate those features to create a personalized style in a graphical user interface, and then an adaptive layout consistent with the personalized style is automatically generated. The user study based on a prototype shows the usability and efficiency of mobile browsing are significantly improved.     

A New Grid Scheduler with Failure Recovery and Rescheduling Mechanisms: Discussion and Analysis

Computational Grids (CGs) have become an appealing research area. They suggest a suitable environment for developing large scale parallel applications. CGs integrate a huge mount of distributed heterogeneous resources for constituting a powerful virtual supercomputer. Scheduling is the most important issue for enhancing the performance of CGs. Various strategies have been introduced, including static and dynamic behaviors. The former maps tasks to resources at submission time, while the latter operates at run time. While static scheduling is unsuitable for the dynamic Grid environment, scheduling in CGs is still more complex than the proposed dynamic solutions. This paper introduces a decentralized Adaptive Grid Scheduler (AGS) based on a novel rescheduling mechanism. AGS has several salient properties as it is; hybrid, adaptive, decentralized, and efficient. Also, AGS is a robust mechanism as it has the ability to; (i) detect resource failures, (ii) continue its functionality in spite of the failure existence, then (iii) recover back. Moreover, it integrates both static and dynamic scheduling behaviors. An initial static scheduling map is proposed for an input Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG). However, DAG tasks may be rescheduled if the performance of the allocated resources changes in away that may affect the tasks’ response time. AGS overcomes drawbacks of traditional schedulers by utilizing the mobile agent unique features to enhance the resource discovery and monitoring processes. Experimental results have shown that AGS outperforms traditional Grid schedulers as it introduces a better scheduling efficiency.     

MnO2@Zeolite-Y Nanoporous: Preparation and Application as a High Efficient Catalyst for Multi-Component Synthesis of 4-Arylidene-Isoxazolidinones

Silicon - In this project, nano-MnO2@zeolite-Y (NMOZ) was successfully prepared via hydrothermal technique and its structure was confirmed using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX and BET analyses. MnO2...     

Some reactions of 1,3-Dichloro-2-azoniaallene Salts with heteronucleophiles

1,3-Dichloro-2-azoniaallene hexachloroantimonates ( 1 ) reacted with H₂S to give 1,2,4-dithiazolium salts 2 . With hydrazines 1,2,4-triazolium salts ( 3, 4 ) were formed. 1,3-Dimethylurea, respectively 1,3-dimethylthiourea or ethyl allophanate, reacted with 1 to afford 2-oxo- or 2-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinium salts ( 5–7 ). With diphenylmethaneimines imino substituted 2-azoniaallene salts 8 were produced. From chloroacetonitrile dichloropyrimidines 9 , and from the tricyanomethyl anion a hexatriene 10 and a triazine 11 could be prepared. The 1,5-dichloro substituted 2-azoniaallene salts 12 reacted as bifunctional electrophiles with nucleophiles such as benzophenone hydrazone or anilines, to furnish 1,3,5-triazinium salts 14 . Against benzohydrazide the allene 12j behaved as trivalent electrophile giving the bicyclic 1,3,5-oxadiazinium salt 13j , the constitution of which has been secured by a crystal structural analysis. The vinyl-2-azoniaallene salt 1i cyclized on heating to the 1,3-thiazinium salts 16, 17 . From 17 the triazinium salts 18 were prepared with alcohols.     

Investigating the in vitro photothermal effect of green synthesized apigenin‐coated gold nanoparticle on colorectal carcinoma

Applying toxic chemical to the synthesis of stable gold nanoparticles is one of the limitations of gold nanoparticles for therapeutic applications such as photothermal therapy. Plant compounds such as apigenin (API) with therapeutic potential can be applied in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. API‐coated gold nanoparticles (Api@AuNPs) with an average size of 19.1 nm and a surface charge of −4.3 mV have been synthesized by a simple and efficient technique. The stability of Api@AuNPs in the biological environment was verified through UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Based on Raman and FTIR spectroscopy analysis, chemical binding of API on the surface of Api@AuNPs through hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups was found to be the main reason for the stability of the Api@AuNPs in comparison with citrate‐coated gold nanoparticles (Cit@AuNPs). The synthesized Api@AuNPs do not cause major toxic effects up to 128 ppm. Api@AuNP‐mediated photothermal therapy leads to the indiscriminate eradication of almost half of both mouse fibroblastic (L929) and colorectal cancer (CT26) cells. Flow‐cytometry analysis revealed that the cell death mechanism is mainly apoptosis. In the apoptosis triggered cell death in photothermal treatment, Api@AuNPs are preferred over commonly used gold nanoparticles in photothermal treatments which mostly trigger the necrosis cell death pathway.     

A 2*4 all optical decoder switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators

Based on photonic crystal ring resonators and nonlinear Kerr effect in this paper, we proposed a 2*4 all optical decoder switch. Our proposed structure has two logic input ports and one bias input port. This decoder switch has four output ports. Via these two logic input ports, we control the bias signal to transfer toward which output port. We employed numerical methods such as plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods for analyzing the proposed structure.