用核磁共振法研究微生物凝固天然橡胶硫化过程交联密度的变化

采用核磁共振交联密度仪,考察了微生物凝固天然橡胶在硫化过程交联密度(XLD),网链含量(AMc),自由小分子含量(AT2)以及相邻交联点间的质量(Mc)的动态变化规律。结果表明,硫化初期,XLD和AMc随硫化时间增加急剧增大,但t50后增速降低,并逐步趋于稳定。与AMc相反,自由悬挂链末端及活动性强的小分子等部分的含量(AT2)随着硫化时间的增加而降低,并逐步趋于稳定。橡胶交联点间的相对分子质量(Mc)与交联密度成反比。     

Synthesis,characterization, and properties of acrylate‐modified tung‐oil waterborne insulation varnish

An acrylate‐modified tung‐oil waterborne insulation varnish was synthesized from tung oil, maleic anhydride, and acrylates via a Diels–Alder reaction and free‐radical polymerization, and the varnish could be solidified at a relatively low temperature with blocked hexamethylene diisocyanate as a curing agent. The resulting films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The insulation properties (electrical insulation strength, volume resistivity, and surface resistivity) of the varnish films were tested, and the resistances of films to salted water were evaluated. With an increase in the maleic anhydride content, the thermal stability of the film was improved, whereas the electrical insulation strength, volume resistivity, and surface resistivity decreased. The electrical insulation strength of the film after it was immersed in the NaCl solution was lower than that in dry state, and it decreased as the immersed time was prolonged. In particular, the electrical insulation strength loss of the film increased significantly at maleic anhydride contents beyond 25 wt %. Furthermore, the hardness of the film increased with increasing methyl methacrylate/N‐butyl acrylate ratio, whereas the flexibility and adhesion of film decreased to a certain degree at the same time. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41608.     

Characteristics of hemicelluloses obtained from sweet sorghum based on successive extractions

Hemicelluloses were successively extracted from sweet sorghum by hot water, dioxane, DMSO, and different concentrations of NaOH between 0.5% and 6.0%. The yields of the seven fractions together accounted for 88.6% of the original hemicelluloses. The obtained hemicellulosic subfractions were comprehensively investigated by both destructive methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and acid hydrolysis and nondestructive techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, Fourier‐transform infrared, ¹³C‐nuclear magnetic resonance, and 2D‐heteronuclear singular quantum correlation. Sugar composition studies showed that the water‐soluble polysaccharides consisted mainly of glucose, while xylose, arabinose, and glucuronic acid were the major sugars in other hemicellulosic fractions. It was found that the hemicelluloses from sweet sorghum were l‐ arabino‐(4‐O‐methyl‐d‐ glucurono)‐xylans. Comparison with the hemicellulosic fractions dissolved by the alkali treatment, the hemicellulosic fraction extracted by DMSO had lower molecular weight. In addition, it was also found that the hemicelluloses prepared by dioxane and DMSO were more branched since that they had higher nonxylose/xylose ratios than those extracted by the alkali treatment, which were more linear and contained higher amounts xylose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42790.     

高软化点沥青制备水基钻井液处理剂的研究

以高软化点沥青为原料,采用液相磺化反应工艺,考察了磺化分散剂种类、磺化剂用量、磺化剂浓度及原料性质对磺化产物性质的影响。结果发现:随着磺化剂用量的增加,磺化产物的水溶性增加,油溶性降低;随着磺化剂浓度增加,磺化产物的水溶性增加,油溶性降低;随着原料沥青软化点升高,磺化产物的水溶性降低,油溶性增大;四氯化碳对高软化点沥青溶解性好,适合作为高软化点沥青磺化时的分散剂。在优化工艺条件下,制备的高软化点沥青钻井液处理剂能够大幅降低基浆的高温高压滤失量。     

中国古代造园目的之分析

从本体论的视角而言,中西方园林是两种性质完全不同的空间.二者服务于不同的目的,乃至于发展出不同的技术方法和表现形式.因此,造园目的是理解园林形式、园林创作的艺术与技术手段以及园林审美的基础,也是通达园林本质的起点.该文基于中国传统园林的发展脉络,辅以适当的文献资料,分析中国传统造园目的的变迁.并以此为线索,揭示中国传统园林的空间本质和园林空间演变的文化逻辑.最后,对中国传统园林的当代价值提出讨论.     

Microbial fuel cell-based sensor for Enterobacter sp. KBH6958 activity monitoring during hydrogen production: the effects of pH and glucose concentration

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an electricity-generating device utilising electrochemically active microorganisms as biocatalysts. Using MFC as a biosensor to...     

Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of γ‐Amino‐Substituted Propargylic Esters to Pyrrolines and its Application in the Formal Synthesis of (±)‐Aphanorphine

An effective synthesis of structurally diverse pyrroline derivatives has been accomplished by a gold(I)‐catalyzed tandem 1,3‐acyloxy rearrangement/intramolecular azacylization reaction of γ‐amino‐substituted propargylic esters in good to excellent chemical yields (52–98%). The reaction proceeds under extremely mild conditions and has also demonstrated its potential in a concise formal synthesis of (±)‐aphanorphine with a catalyst loading as low as 0.5 mol% to provide the key intermediate 5‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐1‐tosyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl pivalate on a gram scale.

     

多级数字抽取滤波器的结构与应用

本文介绍了多级数字抽取滤波器CS5376A的特点及结构,分析了CS5376A芯片的参数设定、以及配合CS5371/72Delta-SigmaA/D转换器和TMS320LF2407DSP构成高精度数据采集系统应用于数字强震仪中的方法。     

混凝土施工养护的重要性

本文对以欧盟为主编制的标准中涉及混凝土施工养护方面的规定作了综述,重点介绍施工中常遇的质量问题以及采取的技术措施和理论分析等,以期从中借鉴有益的经验。     

CaSO4晶须对不饱和聚酯腻子的改性研究

使用不饱和聚酯树脂、固化剂和实验室自制的CaSO4晶须对不饱和聚酯腻子进行改性,考察不同粒径CaSO4晶须对聚酯腻子性能的影响.根据实验结果,200nm改性CaSO4晶须当加入量为2%时对腻子的抗冲击性、硬度、收缩率有明显改善.