拉西瓦水电站工程反拱水垫塘优化设计

在大型高水头水电站中,拉西瓦水电站是我国第一座采用反拱形水垫塘作为特高拱坝坝后消能建筑物的工程,也是我国现有特高拱坝水垫塘中长度最短、宽度最小的工程,其单位水体消能率接近国际经验控制的最高标准。在无规范明确规定和缺少工程资料的情况下,经一系列科研试验和数值计算,优化了反拱水垫塘结构和排水、抽水系统设计等。其经验丰富了我国坝后消能建筑物的设计内容,对我国规范中反拱水垫塘设计规定以及对其他大型高水头水电站坝后消能防冲建筑物的设计具有重要参考价值。     

Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

用于微波/射频集成电路的一种新型低损耗介质——多孔硅及氧化多孔硅厚膜

提出在单片微波集成电路(MMIC)中用多孔硅/氧化多孔硅厚膜作微波无源器件的低损耗介质膜.研究了厚度为70μm的多孔硅/氧化多孔硅厚膜在低阻硅衬底上的形成,这层厚膜增加了衬底的电阻率,减少了微波的有效介质损耗.通过测量在低阻硅衬底上形成的氧化多孔硅厚膜上的共平面波导的微波特性,证明了在低阻硅衬底上用厚膜氧化多孔硅可以提高共平面传输线(CPW)的微波特性.     

电子束光刻中的辐照损伤

本文研究了电子束光刻中电子能量(10—30keV)和电荷剂量(10~(-6)—10~(-3)C·cm~(-2))对铝栅MOS电容器的损伤和低温退火(<500℃)的影响。研究电子束光刻中高能量(30keV)和高剂量(10~(-3)C·cm~(-2))电子束引起的损伤,对电子束汽相显影光刻和电子束无显影光刻是有实际意义的。实验表明,平带电压的损伤可高达十几伏,界面态密度可高达10~(12)cm~(-2)eV~(-1)以上。在一定电荷剂量下,平带电压的损伤对电子能量的变化(在一定范围内)不敏感。在一定电子能量下,界面态密度的损伤对电荷剂量的变化(在一定范围内)不敏感。低温(<500℃)退火能完全消除平带电压的损伤,但不能完全消除界面态密度的损伤。     

关于安徽华光集团可持续发展的思考

如果我们这个企业能生产长生不老的药品,那么,全世界的钱都会集中到我们的企业来。所以,我们现在需要什么?我们需要新项目,我们需要新产品,这些都要依靠科技进步。     

油气井射孔器用炸药及其安全性

介绍了中国和美国射孔器所用的单质和混合炸药43种.根据耐热性,射孔器可分为普通型、高温型和超高温型三类.射孔器和炸药的耐热性与其受热时间有关,最后文中叙述了射孔器的安全性能.     

Design consideration of photocatalytic oxidation reactors using TiO2-coated foam nickels for degrading indoor gaseous formaldehyde

In the design process of the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor using TiO₂-coated foam nickels, the optimum of catalyst film thickness, light intensity and flow velocity were considered. A model was developed to study the effect of catalyst film thickness on photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde by a TiO₂-coated foam nickel at continuous flow mode. In this model, external mass transfer and internal molecule diffusion-reaction were considered. A first-order kinetics equation was used to account for the photocatalytic reaction. Two exponential equations were employed to describe the distribution of light intensities in foam nickels and catalyst films, respectively. Validated with experimental data, the model can be used to predict the optimal thickness of catalyst films. A method for determining appropriate light intensities was proposed and discussed. The appropriate light intensity can be obtained by giving a margin, regarded as an excess coefficient, to the light intensity calculated based on the assumption of complete use of excited electron–hole pairs. The excess coefficient needs to be determined experimentally. In addition, the optimal flow velocity of PCO reactors could be consistent with the required one by changing the windward area of foam nickels. Based on the theoretical analyses, a novel PCO reactor containing 15 parallel-connected cells was designed. Each reaction cell was composed of an UV lamp and a TiO₂-coated tubular foam nickel. The performance of the reactor was tested by degrading gaseous formaldehyde at an indoor concentration level. The results showed that the reactor had low pressure loss and good degradation capability.     

中原油田水平井钻井液技术

根据中原油田地层高温、高盐、易塌、易漏失及水平井的特点,优选了适用于水平井的强抑制强封堵聚合物钻井液体系,并进行了现场应用.室内实验结果表明,优选的强抑制强封堵聚合物钻井液具有良好的井眼净化、摩阻控制、井壁稳定及油层保护等性能.现场应用时能满足钻井、录井、测井的需要,钻井施工顺利,取得了良好的经济和社会效益.     

大庆油田油气勘探“五五”工程的实践与效果

大庆油田公司确立的油气勘探“五五”工程的核心是立足油气勘探长远发展、统筹老区与新领域勘探,兼顾工程实施与地质研究、系统配套相关技术理论,内容是调整工程和投资结构、完善油气勘探地质理论、发展各项适用技术,目的是促进油气勘探寻求大发现、获得大突破。通过实施“五五”工程,勘探工作运行平稳,勘探成果殷实丰硕,勘探领域层次分明,对油气勘探工作的发展产生了巨大的推动力,确保了大庆探区油气勘探实施的效果。通过对油气勘探“五五”工程实践过程的深入剖析,认为在油气勘探中“思路决定出路、前置加载量是基础、新技术应用是关键”。     

稠油出砂冷采过程中储层孔隙度预测模型

从岩石力学原理出发，结合稠油出砂冷采过程中的动态特征，研究了等温条件下疏松砂岩体积应变率随累积产油量和累积出砂量的变化规律，建立了出砂冷采过程中储层孔隙度的预测模型。该模型可以定量预测稠油出砂冷采过程中储层孔隙度的变化规律，从而为出砂冷采过程中其他规律的研究奠定了基础。