Multivariate study of the patient-therapist system: A replication and extension.

Replicates and extends the work of R. H. Moos and S. R. Clemes (see record 1967-07395-001) and F. van der Veen (see record 1965-08090-001). Each of 6 patients saw each of 4 therapists twice. The variables total activity, feeling words, action words, reinforcements each was scored separately for patient and therapist for each interview. Patient problem expression and therapist accurate empathy were rated for each interview. Consistent differences between patients accounted for substantially more variance than consistent differences between therapists on all variables. Patient * Therapist * Session interactions generally accounted for large proportions of the total variance. Results indicate that the therapist behaviors studied were not the result of a trait, of a given tendency to be empathic, or of a consistently applied therapeutic technique, but rather were very substantially situationally or patient determined. (23 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

本体思想在高速切削专家系统中的应用

为共享和重用高速切削领域内已有知识,把本体思想引入到该领域的知识表示中,提出了基于概念、关系、属性、规则和实例五要素的高速切削领域本体的形式化定义,建立了高速切削领域本体库.采用巴科斯范式对领域本体进行统一的描述和表达,并利用关系数据库的形式存储.以本体库作为专家系统的知识库,采用实例相似度及切削参数智能优化相结合的检索推理机制,构建了高速切削专家系统.系统为高速切削知识的检索、重用与共享提供了一个有效的平台,从而实现对高速切削领域内已有知识最大限度的利用.     

Effect of protein level in prepartum diets on metabolism and performance of dairy cows

Multigravid Holstein cows (n = 75) were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the effect of prepartum diets formulated to supply surplus energy and incremental concentrations of protein on the nutritional status of dairy cows at parturition. Cows were blocked according to expected calving date and assigned to one of five diets: 9.7, 11.7, 13.7, 14.7, and 16.2% crude protein (CP). Dietary treatments were initiated 28 d before expected calving date and fed until parturition. A common diet was fed postpartum. Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily through 90 d postpartum. Increasing the protein concentration from 9.7 to 14.7% of dry matter during the last 28 d of gestation improved responses of cows during lactation. Increasing dietary protein up to 14.7% also increased milk yield response to recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) during the ninth week of lactation and yields of 305-d 2x mature equivalent milk, milk protein, and milk fat. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase tended to be highest in cows fed 13.7 and 14.7% CP prepartum, but decreased linearly postpartum in response to dietary protein levels. There were no treatment differences for plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) at d 60 postpartum (before rbST provision), but IGF-1 on d 90 (after rbST provision) was higher in plasma of cows fed 14.7% CP than the other diets except 13.7% CP. Close-up diets containing 13.7% CP and surplus energy produced the most beneficial outcomes during the subsequent lactation.     

Cotton Yarn Sizing by Acrylamide Grafted Starch Copolymer

Synthesis and characterization of copolymer obtained by grafting acrylamide onto hydrolyzed potato starch and its application in cotton yarn sizing were presented in this work. Some process parameters of starch hydrolysis and grafting, like as hydrolysis yield, grafting yield, grafting percentage, graft efficiency, and monomer to polymer conversion were determinated. Molar mass values of hydrolyzed starch and copolymer samples are located in a narrow range of 1 × 10⁵ to 1 × 10⁷ and 1 × 10² to 1 × 10⁴. Grafted hydrolyzed starch, as a sizing agent, gives better results than nongrafted, particularly in terms of sizing uniformity, yarn mechanical parameters, and easier removal in subsequent desizing process.     

Metabolic mapping of the effects of oral alcohol self-administration in rats

A method for the quantitation of protein carbonyls, which have been widely employed as markers of protein oxidative damage, is described. Protein carbonyls were derivatized with tritiated sodium borohydride and the tritiated proteins were separated on SDS-PAGE. Protein bands, visualized by Coomassie blue staining, were then excised and incubated in 30% H2O2 at 60 degrees C for 48 h. Tritium, incorporated into the proteins, was quantitated by liquid scintillation counting after gel solubilization by H2O2. This method can be applied to the measurement of carbonylation of specific proteins as it employs SDS-PAGE and has the advantage that unreacted NaB3H4 in the labeling reaction mixture need not be removed. The present method, when combined with immunochemical detection of protein carbonyls, should be very useful in the quantitation of oxidative damage to individual proteins.     

Supplemental methionine and time of supplementation effects on ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and in situ dry matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance in cattle

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of methionine supplementation on ruminal fermentation and digesta kinetics. In Exp. 1, nine ruminally cannulated beef heifers (average initial BW = 527 kg) in a crossover design were fed low-quality grass hay and cottonseed meal with or without 11.4 g of supplemental methionine (polysaccharide-coated). Particulate and fluid kinetics, rate of DM and NDF disappearance, ruminal VFA and NH3 N concentrations, and pH were not altered (P > .10) by supplemental methionine; however, ruminal purine concentration was greater (P < .05) in methionine-supplemented heifers than in unsupplemented heifers. In Exp. 2, 12 ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (average initial BW = 622 kg) grazing a fescue pasture were allotted to one of three groups: no supplemental methionine (CON) or 11.4 g of supplemental methionine fed at 0700 (AM) or at 1200 (PM). Forage intake, particulate kinetics, ruminal fluid kinetics, pH, VFA, and NH3 N concentrations were not altered (P > .10) by supplemental methionine or supplementation time. In situ rate of DM and NDF disappearance was greater (P < .05) in supplemented steers than in CON steers; AM steers exhibited faster (P < .05) rates than PM steers. Overall, methionine supplementation of low-quality forage increased ruminal purine concentration but did not alter in situ fermentation or digesta passage, whereas supplementation at 0700, but not at 1200, of steers grazing fescue forage increased rate of NDF fermentation.     

发挥咨询业作用,推进工程项目管理

承包商对工程的具体掌控力要远高于业主方,业主方面对工程实施中的各种问题往往鞭长莫及。为了帮助业主方从源头上实现项目的成功管理,就要发挥工程咨询机构的作用。本文论述了工程咨询机构在招标阶段项目管理的核心内容,指明了其在招标阶段的关键工作,在一定程度上实现了项目资源的优化配置,为业主节约了成本和效益最大化。同时,也分析了我国目前项目管理发展中存在的问题,并参照国内外先进管理思想和管理模式提出了我国工程咨询机构的发展方向及相应对策,对我国工程咨询业的发展有一定的参考价值。     

用动态剪切模量估算NR与SBR硫化胶的化学交联密度

用美国Ｍｏｎｓａｎｔｏ公司的橡胶加工过程分析仪测定ＮＲ和ＳＢＲ硫化胶或混炼胶料的动态剪切模量（Ｇ＇），进而根据Ｇ＿Ｎ￣０＝ｇ×２Ｘ＿０ＲＴ和Ｇｅ＝ｇ＇×２Ｘ＿（ｐｈ）ＲＴ估算其硫化胶的化学交联密度（Ｘ＿ｃｈ），结果发现：ＮＲ／过氧化二异丙苯体系硫化胶和混炼胶料的Ｇ＇是不同的，但用Ｇ＇估算的Ｘ＿ｃｈ与用化学分析法测定的结果基本相近；对ＳＢＲ／促进剂ＴＭＴＤ体系，用这种方法估算的Ｘ＿（ｃｈ）接近用应力－应变法和ＮＭＲ法的估算值；对ＮＲ／促进剂ＴＭＴＭ体系，用Ｇ＇估算的Ｘ＿（ｃｈ）与用溶胀法获得的数据基本接近。用Ｇ＇估算Ｘ＿（ｃｈ）法，十分简单、方便。     

Cytotoxic Triosmium Carbonyl Clusters: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study

A structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of the triosmium carbonyl cluster Os₃(CO)₁₀(NCCH₃)₂ was carried out with a series of clusters of the general formula Os₃(CO)_12?nL_n, cationic osmium clusters and a hemi‐labile maltolato‐Os cluster. The SAR results showed that good solubility in DMSO and at least one vacant site are required for cytotoxicity. In vitro evaluation of these new compounds showed that some are selectively active against estrogen receptor (ER)‐independent MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines relative to ER‐dependent MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, suggesting that the compounds have a different biological target specific to MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In particular, the maltolato cluster exhibits strong antiproliferative activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 3 μM after only 24 h incubation. Additionally, biochemical assays conducted with the cationic cluster show that it induces apoptosis, although a biological target has not yet been identified. Further research to establish the molecular targets of these compounds and to develop improved organometallic clusters as potential breast cancer therapeutics is underway.     

Notes on the Production of Adherent Copper Deposits on Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Steels

The presence of a film upon iron after treatment in the Marshall smoothing solution has been demonstrated. The formation of the film after withdrawal of the specimen from the solution appears to be independent of the oxalate ion. The evidence indicates that the film consists of a very thin but tenacious and continuous layer of oxide. By reducing the film cathodically in an ammonium chloride electrolyte and observing the quantity of electricity involved, the thickness of the film has been estimated and found to be of the order of 60 Angstrom units (i.e. 16 molecules, assuming the film to be anhydrous Fe₂O₃).