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11.
Wataru Kubo Kunihiko Itoh Shozo Miyazaki David Attwood 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(8):819-825
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of an in situ gelling pectin formulation as a vehicle for the oral sustained delivery of theophylline and cimetidine. In vitro studies demonstrated diffusion-controlled release of theophylline from 1, 1.5, and 2% w/v pectin gels. Release of this drug from 1.5% w/v pectin gels formed in situ in rabbit stomach was sustained over a period of 12 hours giving a theophylline bioavailability some seven fold higher than when administered from a commercial syrup. In contrast, interactions between cimetidine and pectin led to weak gelation of the pectin sols that prevented any meaningful determination of in vitro release characteristics. Similarly, in vivo release profiles from pectin formulations containing cimetidine were similar to that from a solution of this drug in buffer, indicative of weak gelation. Examination of the content of the rabbit stomach 5 hours after administration of 1.5% w/v pectin sols containing drug confirmed gel formation, but gels containing cimetidine were noticeably softer than those containing theophylline. 相似文献
12.
Hiroyuki Yoshida Takeshi Kataoka Mamoru Nango Shozo Ohta Nobuhiko Kuroki Masako Maekawa 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1986,32(3):4185-4196
The dyeing process for a cellulose membrane–direct dye system is analyzed based on a parallel transport mechanism of surface and pore diffusion with Freundlich isotherm. Numerical solutions were obtained in order to clarify how the surface and pore diffusion resistances affect the uptake curve. The numerical solutions were also compared with an analytical solution for surface diffusion control to establish the range where the analytical solution can be considered as an acceptable approximation. The uptake curves in the cellulose membrane-chromophore (C.I. Direct Yellow 12) system in the presence of inorganic electrolyte were measured. The rate of adsorption and the maximum amount of adsorption increased with an increase in the concentration of those electrolytes. The rate of adsorption was approximately controlled by the surface diffusion rather than by pore diffusion. The surface diffusivities of the dye were little affected by either the concentration and or nature of the electrolyte. 相似文献
13.
Bis-(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate and acyl phosphatidylglycerol were isolated from the liver of two patients with lipidosis
induced by 4,4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexesterol. Identification was based upon the results of alkaline hydrolysis, acetolysis,
IR spectrometry, and upon the determination of molar ratio of phosphorus-glycerol-ester. The contents of the bis-(monoacylglyceryl)
phosphate were 10 and 16% total phospholipid phosphorus in them. The bis-(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate contained mainly docosahexaenoic
(42%), oleic (29%), and linoleic acid (14%) and had the hemolytic activity of ca. one-eighth lysolecithin from egg yolk. Acidic
lipids from the liver also were found to contain a lipid which is less polar than bis-(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate. The results
of lipid analysis showed that the lipid possessed the structure of an acyl phosphatidylglycerol, and its content was ca. 2%
total phospholipid phosphorus. Accumulation of 4,4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexesterol and its derivatives was found in clinical
cases by thin layer chromatography and IR spectrometry. This fact suggested that human liver has an ability to metabolize
the drug. 相似文献
14.
Satoshi Hirayama Shozo Takagi Milenko Markovic Laurence C. Chow 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2008,113(6):311-320
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) were prepared using mixtures of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), with TTCP/DCPA molar ratios of 1/1, 1/2, or 1/3, with the powder and water as the liquid. Diametral tensile strength (DTS), porosity, and phase composition (powder x-ray diffraction) were determined after the set specimens have been immersed in a physiological-like solution (PLS) for 1 d, 5 d, and 10 d. Cement dissolution rates in an acidified PLS were measured using a dual constant composition method. Setting times ((30 ± 1) min) were the same for all cements. DTS decreased with decreasing TTCP/DCPA ratio and, in some cases, also decreased with PLS immersion time. Porosity and hydroxyapatite (HA) formation increased with PLS immersion time. Cements with TTCP/DCPA ratios of 1/2 and 1/3, which formed calcium-deficient HA, dissolved more rapidly than the cement with a ratio of 1/1. In conclusion, cements may be prepared with a range of TTCP/DCPA ratios, and those with lower ratio had lower strengths but dissolved more rapidly in acidified PLS. 相似文献
15.
Takagi S Frukhtbeyn S Chow LC Sugawara A Fujikawa K Ogata H Hayashi M Ogiso B 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2010,115(4):267-276
This study reports for the first time in vitro and in vivo properties of fluorapatite (FA)-forming calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). The experimental cements contained from (0 to 3.1) mass % of F, corresponding to presence of FA at levels of approximately (0 to 87) mass %. The crystallinity of the apatitic cement product increased greatly with the FA content. When implanted subcutaneously in rats, the in vivo resorption rate decreased significantly with increasing FA content. The cement with the highest FA content was not resorbed in soft tissue, making it the first known biocompatible and bioinert CPC. These bioinert CPCs might be useful for applications where slow or no resorption of the implant is required to achieve the desired clinical outcome. 相似文献
16.
Yoshiyuki Ueshima Shozo Mizoguchi Tooru Matsumiya Hiroyuki Kajioka 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1986,17(4):845-859
Solute distribution in dendrites during solidification of carbon steel was analyzed by unidirectional solidification experiments
and mathematical analysis. The characteristic of the mathematical analysis is that diffusion of solutes in solid and redistribution
of solutes at solid/liquid andδ/γ interfaces are taken into consideration. Based on the observed and calculated results, it was found that phosphorus was redistributed
fromγ-phase toδ-phase, and that manganese was slightly redistributed fromδ-phase toγ-phase. Therefore the concentrated region of phosphorus can be separated from that of manganese duringδ/γ transformation in the case of slow cooling. Moreover, it was concluded that rapid diffusion inδ-phase and the redistribution duringδ/γ transformation played an important role in the variation of the interdendritic concentrations of solutes with lower carbon
concentration. 相似文献
17.
Seigo Ito Takayuki Kitamura Yuji Wada Shozo Yanagida 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2003,76(1):3-13
A chemical dispersing technique for preparing a coating paste of TiO2 nanoparticles is disclosed to fabricate mesoporous electrodes for dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells. The suspension of TiO2 (P-25) powder was stirred in aqueous nitric acid at 80°C, and then evaporated to dryness, giving the nitric acid-adsorbed P-25 powder. The coating paste was obtained by mixing the nitric acid-adsorbed P-25 with PEG (Mw 20,000) as a porosity-controlling agent and cellulosic polymer as a thickener. The mesoporous TiO2 films were fabricated on conducting glasses by repetitive coating and calcined at 500°C (30 min). The TiO2 film obtained by the five times repetitive coating (20 μm thickness) resulted in the 1.4 times higher energy conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells than that of the one time coating TiO2 film (Voc=690 mV, Jsc=12.2 mA/cm2, the fill FACTOR=0.71 and η=6.0%). 相似文献
18.
Keiji Nakajima Hajime Hasegawa Sakhob Khumkoa Shozo Mizoguchi 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2003,34(5):539-547
In order to elucidate the nature of the heterogeneous nucleation, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis
of pure Fe and Fe-Ni alloys (Ni content: 1.0 to 29.3 mass pct) containing TiN, Al2O3, and Ti2O3 was conducted. Then, special attention was paid to the difference in the phase of the primary crystal nucleated by the triggering
effect of a catalyst (nucleating agent). The solidification and transformation mode appearing during cooling in these alloys
is classified into three cases: F mode, FA mode, and A mode. The change of modes and the critical undercooling (ΔT) depend on the kind of catalyst used as well as the chemical composition (Ni content). In addition, in spite of the kind
of primary crystal, the value of ΔT is always small in the order of TiN, Al2O3, and Ti2O3. As a matter of fact, only TiN has a practical effect as a catalyst on the triggered nucleation of the primary crystal of
the δ phase. None of them has a practical effect on the nucleation of the primary crystal of the γ phase.
This article is based on a presentation given in the Mills Symposium entitled “Metals, Slags, Glasses: High Temperature Properties
& Phenomena,” which took place at The Institute of Materials in London, England, on August 22–23, 2002. 相似文献
19.
Shozo Tamaki 《Journal of microscopy》1976,106(3):311-323
Results of experiments in which tungsten was irradiated in situ in the field-ion microscope with inert gas ions are described. Tungsten field-ion specimens were irradiated at 78 K with ions in the 0.5–9 keV energy range. Sputtering and displacement of surface atoms which had occurred during irradiation were observed directly in field-ion images. Large scale damage such as vacancy clusters were rarely found. From the ion acceleration voltage and the accommodation coefficient, the displacement energy of tungsten surface atoms in the electric field of about 44 MV/mm is estimated as nearly 22 eV. Damage was observed on the shielded side of the tip apex as well as on the ion incident side, and this fact is discussed in comparison with the channelling of ions in tungsten. 相似文献
20.
Shozo Takata Masami Ogawa Peter Bertok Junro Ootsuka Katsumori Matushima Toshio Sata 《Robotics and Computer》1985,2(1):33-40
In this paper, a real-time monitoring system of tool breakage, which measures the cutting torque from the spindle motor current, is described. The system uses an auto-regressive (AR)-model which is adapted for the measured signal using the Kalman filtering technique. The tool breakage is detected by monitoring the residual, that is, the deviation of the observed signal from the estimated value obtained by the AR-model. Additional processing of the residual is introduced to discriminate the signature of tool breakage from the effect caused by the marked change in the cutting condition. To reduce the computation time, the fast calculation algorithm is adopted for estimating the coefficient vector of the AR-model. The monitoring experiment has proven the effectiveness of the system in a milling operation. 相似文献