MM-CBMeMBer滤波器跟踪多机动目标

多模型(Multiple Model,MM)概率假设密度(Probability Hypothesis Density,PHD)滤波器能同时估计机动目标个数及状态,但其序贯蒙特卡罗(Sequential Monte Carlo,SMC)实现运用粒子聚类算法提取目标状态,不仅引入额外计算量,且可能导致目标丢失。针对这一问题,该文提出一种基于多模型的势平衡无偏多目标多伯努利(Multiple Model Cardinality Balanced Multiple target Multi-Bernoulli,MM-CBMeMBer)滤波器,在每次扫描杂波数低于20,检测概率大于0.9的环境中,该方法利用一组伯努利参数近似机动目标状态的后验概率,并通过对伯努利参数的简单运算估计出目标状态,有效地避免了常规聚类算法。仿真结果表明,该方法与多模型概率假设密度滤波器相比,表征估计误差的最优子模型分配距离明显降低。     

Bacterium‐Templated Polymer for Self‐Selective Ablation of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria

The recognition and inactivation of specific pathogenic bacteria remain an enormous scientific challenge and an important therapeutic goal. Therefore, materials that can selectively target and kill specific pathogenic bacteria, without harming beneficial strains are highly desirable. Here, a material platform is reported that exploits bacteria as a template to synthesize polymers with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic by copper‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization for self‐selective killing of the bacteria that templates them with no antimicrobial resistance. The bacteria‐templated polymers show very weak fluorescence in aqueous media, however, the fluorescence is turned on upon recognition of the bacteria used as the template to synthesize the polymer even at a low concentration of 600 ng mL^?1. Moreover, the incorporated AIE fluorogens (AIEgens) can act as an efficient photosensitizer for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after bacteria surface binding, which endows the templated polymers with the capability for selective bacterial killing. The bacterium‐templated synthesis is generally applicable to a wide range of bacteria, including clinically isolated multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains. It is envisioned that the bacterium‐templated method provides a new strategy for bacteria‐specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications.     

Feasibility study of the application of voltage contrast to printed circuit board

Voltage contrast (VC) has been a powerful tool for the failure analysis of integrated circuits and multichip module. As the packing density of printed circuit board (PCB) is increasing, conventional failure analysis methods to detect open or short circuit in PCBs are no longer adequate, and voltage contrast method could be a method for this purpose. However, unlike the cases of integrated circuits and multichip module, there are many areas in PCB that will produce serious charging effect when examine under the scanning electron microscope. One of the areas is the presence of solder mask on PCB.This work examines the feasibility of using voltage contrast for PCB failure analysis. Specially designed PCB is used for experimentation, and it is found that positive bias on one track and zero bias on another copper track provide a better image contrast as compared to negative and zero biases on the tracks. Also, the variation of the image contrast with different spacing between inter copper tracks has studied. It is found that the variation depends on the presence of solder mask and its location. The variation can be very different for negative bias case as compared to the positive bias case.Finite element analysis is also performed to explain the experimental observations. All the observations can be well explained by the charging effect of the solder masks. The charging effect of solder mask is indeed very significant in affecting the image contrast, and it could reduce the contrast to almost zero in some cases.     

超快荧光光谱的光谱特性和时间特性的研究

飞秒脉冲激光器和时间分辨率优于 2ps的条纹相机相结合测量超快荧光光谱的光谱特性和时间特性 ,分析了荧光光谱的产生 ,给出了时间分辨荧光光谱的测量 ;实际测量了一种有机光盘存储记录材料偶氮染料掺杂薄膜的时间分辨荧光光谱和荧光寿命。     

Factors Affecting the Morphology of Pb-Based Glass Frit Coated with Ag Material Prepared by Electroless Silver Plating

Pb-based glass frit coated with nanosilver material for Si solar cell applications has been directly prepared by electroless silver plating. Activation of the glass frit was accomplished by using glycol, with the aim of reducing the silver ions to elemental silver on the surface of the glass frit. Electroless silver plating onto the glass frit was successfully realized using two kinds of electroless plating bath. However, the morphology of the composite powder greatly affected the modality, sheet resistance, series resistance, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the conducting silver films. We found that the activation temperature affected the number and distribution of silver nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the average grain size of the silver particles and the silver content in the Pb-based glass frit coated with Ag material could be controlled by adjusting the pH value and loading capacity, respectively, during plating.     

Robust Fabrication of Nonstick,Noncorrosive, Conductive Graphene‐Coated Liquid Metal Droplets for Droplet‐Based,Floating Electrodes

Nontoxic liquid metals (conductive materials in a liquid state at room temperature) are an emerging class of materials for applications ranging from soft electronics and robotics to medical therapy and energy devices. Their sticky and corrosive properties, however, are becoming more of a critical concern for circuits and devices containing other metals as these are easily destroyed or contaminated by the liquid metals. Herein, a feasible method for fabricating highly conductive graphene‐coated liquid metal (GLM) droplets is reported and their application as nonstick, noncorrosive, movable, soft contacts for electrical circuits is demonstrated. The as‐prepared GLM droplets consist of a liquid‐phase soft core of liquid metal and a slippery outer layer of graphene sheets. These structures address the issue of simultaneous control of the wettability and conductivity of a soft electronic contact by combining extraordinary properties, i.e., nonstick, noncorrosive, yet exhibiting high electronic conductivity while in contact with metal substrates, e.g., Au, Cu, Ag, and Ni. As proof‐of‐concept, the as‐prepared GLM droplets are demonstrated as floating electrodes for movable, recyclable electronic soft contacts in electrical circuits.     

引线键合劈刀Z轴运动信号分析

劈刀是自动引线键合机的关键部件之一.采集和分析劈刀的运动信号对于研究和改进微电子封装设备的制造工艺技术具有重要意义.利用激光多普勒(Doppler)非接触式测量方法,通过有效的试验光路设计,提取劈刀在实际键合过程中的Z轴运动信号;对试验采集信号进行了详细的时城分析,包括位移、速度、加速度分析,结果表明,以上研究清楚地描述了键合过程中劈刀z轴运动的动态变化特性;最后,针对劈刀下落过程的搜索区域阶段(tip-offset)的运动干扰现象分析了其原因.     

层状结构低压ZnO压敏陶瓷的制备及性能研究

Double-layered, low-voltage ZnO varistors have been fabricated by feeding two kinds of ZnO powders into a die using dry extrusion molding. Compared with ZnO varistors fabricated by the conventional route, the layered ZnO varistors have larger non-linear coefficients, lower breakdown electric fields, and lower leakage current densities. The improvement in electrical performance of the layered low-voltage ZnO varistors is attributed to the asymmetric band structure at grain boundary between the two layers.     

基于多分支卷积神经网络的车辆图像比对方法

为了更有针对性地从车辆图像的不同区域提取出独特的图像特征,提出基于多分支卷积神经网络的车辆图像比对方法.首先,根据车牌定位结果获取比对车辆的车脸图像,并根据车脸图像的纹理丰富度将车脸图像划分为多个图像块;其次,使用多分支卷积神经网络分别提取各车脸图像块的深度特征;最后,通过计算车脸图像深度特征的相似度判定比对的车辆图像是否属于同种车型.实验表明,提出的方法能够提取有效的车辆图像各区域的深度特征,获得良好的车辆比对准确率,可用于套牌车辆识别.     

Ternary Ta2NiSe5 Flakes for a High‐Performance Infrared Photodetector

Multielemental systems enable the use of multiple degrees of freedom for control of physical properties by means of stoichiometric variation. This has attracted extremely high interest in the field of 2D optoelectronics in recent years. Here, for the first time, multilayer 2D ternary Ta₂NiSe₅ flakes are successfully fabricated using a mechanical exfoliation method from chemical vapor transport synthesized high quality bulk and the optoelectronic properties are systematically investigated. Importantly, a high responsivity of 17.21 A W^?1 and high external quantum efficiency of 2645% are recorded from an as‐fabricated photodetector at room temperature in air; this is superior to most other 2D materials‐based photodetectors that have been reported. More intriguingly, a usual sublinear and an unusual superlinear light‐intensity‐dependent photocurrent are observed under air and vacuum, respectively. These excellent and special properties make multilayer ternary Ta₂NiSe₅ a highly competitive candidate for future infrared optoelectronic applications and an interesting platform for photophysics studies.