步态识别现状及发展趋势

步态识别是生物特征识别领域的一种前沿技术,鉴于远距离识别、非受控识别及难伪装性等优势,它具备推动模式识别、图像处理、诊断治疗、康复矫形等学科发展进步的巨大潜能。首先介绍了步态识别的关键技术、研究现状及常用数据集,然后分析了其应用前景,最后对步态识别的发展趋势做出判断。     

基于图像处理的炮弹跳角测量方法研究

传统的跳角测量方法,由于人工误差和实用性较弱,大部分有测量效率低、误差大、实用性小、测量范围窄等缺点。针对这些问题,提出一种基于图像处理的炮弹跳角测量方法。使用相机在炮筒中采集炮口图像,通过改进圆拟合算法检测炮口图像的中心位置;在双目摄像机的标定下得出炮弹射击目标点的位置,将炮口图像中心位置瞄准火炮射击目标后实弹射击;在数据处理中,计算得出炮弹初速度矢量的方向,结合炮口图像中心位置的瞄准方向,计算出火炮跳角的大小。实验结果表明,改进算法提高系统抗干扰能力的同时还提高炮口图像中心定位的精确度。拟合结果显示,改进的算法得到的炮口中心与理想中心之间的误差小于0.20个像素,具有较高的精度。     

考虑搭便车的双渠道供应链定价与减排决策

分析碳排放对于企业产品的可持续管理具有重大意义。在部分集中双渠道模式下,消费者偏好在传统零售渠道享受实体服务然后在网络直销渠道以低价购买产品。以中性税收和低碳经济为背景,考虑了碳税补贴给零售商和碳税共同分担两种碳税模式,研究了两种模式下消费者的搭便车行为对双渠道供应链的定价和企业碳减排努力程度的影响。算例部分研究了两种模式下搭便车行为和税率对供应链决策的影响,通过对比分析得出政府在中性税收背景下,应该采取碳税返还零售商的补贴方式,而且收取较高的税率既可以加强环境保护还可以减少搭便车行为给供应链带来的利益损失。     

面向选择推荐节点的P2P网络信任模型

对等网（P2P）具有开放性、匿名性等特点,节点之间的交互类型复杂多样并且具有较小的重复交互性,导致其节点之间的信任关系难以确定。提出一种基于选择节点的P2P网络信任模型,通过直接信任和推荐信任得到节点综合信任值。选择推荐节点时,使用推荐节点与交互节点信任值相似度作为标准,以其信任差值最小的推荐节点作为被选择节点;同时,针对共谋团体的团伙欺骗,提出连带惩罚机制以及对提供可靠消息节点的奖励机制。仿真实验结果表明,该模型不但具有抗恶意节点攻击的能力,同时还具有较高的自适应能力。     

Global output‐feedback stabilization for nonlinear systems with unknown relative degree

This paper is devoted to the global stabilization via output feedback for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown relative degree, dynamics uncertainties, unknown control direction, and nonparametric uncertain nonlinearities. In particular, the unknown relative degree is without known upper bound, which renders us to research for a filter with varying dimension rather than the ones with over dimensions in the existing literature. In comparison with more popular but a bit stronger input‐to‐state stable or input‐to‐state practically stable requirement, only bounded‐input bounded‐state stable requirement is imposed on the dynamics uncertainties, which affect the systems in a persistent intensity rather than in a decaying one. In this paper, to compensate multiple serious system uncertainties and realize global output‐feedback stabilization, a design scheme via switching logic together with varying dimensional filter is developed. In this scheme, 2 switching sequences, which separately generate the gains of the controller and act as the varying dimensions of the filter, are designed to overcome unknown control direction, dynamics uncertainties and nonparametric uncertain nonlinearities, and unknown relative degree, respectively. A 2‐mass lumped‐parameter structure is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper.     

Red AIE Luminogens with Tunable Organelle Specific Anchoring for Live Cell Dynamic Super Resolution Imaging

Lysosomes and mitochondria play an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Visualizing the long-term activities of lysosomes and mitochondria on the nanometer scale in live cells is essential for further understanding their functions but remains challenging due to the limitations of existing fluorescent probes, such as aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, limited signal-to-noise ratio from fluorescence “always on” in the process of targeting organelle and poor photobleaching resistance. Herein, two efficient red-emitting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens are reported, which showed “off-on” fluorescence characteristic and specific lysosomes as well as mitochondria targeting capability. Owing to their AIE characteristics, a Stokes’ shift larger than 100 nm, good biocompatibility, and excellent photostability, the AIE luminogens have been successfully utilized for high fidelity imaging of lysosomes and mitochondria. By virtue of these two probes, stimulated emission depletion (STED) images of dynamic lysosomal fusion and mitochondrial fission with a high resolution of 65.6 nm are obtained. Furthermore, the interactions between lysosomes and mitochondria in the process of mitophagy are recorded. This study also provides practical guidance for designing specific organelle targeting probes to support live cell dynamic super-resolution imaging.     

Strategic Engineering of Sub-5 nm Dyes@CDs Nanoassemblies Platform for Super Resolution Imaging

The design and construction of fluorescence probes with small size, high quantum yield, photostability, and solubility in an aqueous solution to achieve biomarker have become a focus of interest in super-resolution bioimaging application. Herein, four kinds of GFP-like supramolecular nanoassemblies (SNAs) are constructed in a very facile manner by the host–guest interaction between isopercolic acid derivatives (IADs) and cyclodextrin (CD). ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and single crystal structure well prove the formation of SNAs. Moreover, compared to the initial state, the fluorescence quantum yield of the SNAs is dramatically improved through suppressing nonradiative relaxation pathways and shielding quenchers. The bimolecular exciton–exciton annihilation (bmEA) process under the high pumping fluence has been suppressed effectively. Both the improved gain and the reduced loss facilitate the buildup of stimulated emission and enable the high stimulated emission efficiency of these SNAs. Sub-5 nm IADs@β-CDs-mediated STED imaging exhibits excellent stimulated emission depletion (STED) performance: high photostability, low saturation intensity ( ≈ 0.50 MW cm⁻²), and high resolution (30 nm) under P_STED-775 nm of 109 MW cm⁻². This supramolecular strategy avoids the tedious molecular synthesis process and paves a new pathway for insights into building up novel high-performance STED probes.     

A fast non-singular terminal sliding mode control based on perturbation estimation for piezoelectric actuators systems

Piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) are the key devices in micro/nano positioning system. However, the PEA performance is significantly degraded by the inherent non-linear behaviour. This behaviour is a consequence of the hysteresis properties contained within PEAs. Therefore, in micro/nano positioning applications, a robust control system has to be adopted for such actuators. This paper proposes a systematic control method that utilises a fast non-singular terminal sliding mode (FNTSM) based on online perturbation estimation technique for PEAs. Unlike other sliding mode methods, the FNTSM control method is characterised by chatter free. Besides, a zero error convergence can be guaranteed in finite time in the presence of disturbance and system uncertainties (i.e., hysteresis and gain changes). The design of the FNTSM control based on perturbation estimation (FNTSMPE) is presented. A model-free robust exact differentiator is used to estimate the states of the feedback system from merely measurable position signal. Theoretical analysis and the experimental results of FNTSMPE control reveal that high-precision and robust performance is achieved in comparison with ordinary FNTSM control.     

Determination of slip melting point in palm oil blends by partial least squares and principal component regression modeling of FTIR spectroscopic data

The determination of slip melting point (SMP) in refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil is a common and regular requirement in the manufacture of this oil. An FTIR spectrometer in the mid-IR wavelength region (4000-750 cm⁻¹) can provide the basis for a suitable on-line and off-line quantitative analytical methodology if used with a suitable calibration model. In this study, by using data from selected regions, the calibration models, including principal component regression and partial least squares regression, have been examined and evaluated for efficacy in determining SMP directly in palm oil blends. Results indicate that orthogonal models using selected wavelength data offer superior predictive performance.