An encapsulated helical one-dimensional cobalt iodide nanostructure

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be used as templates for the growth of low-dimensional inorganic materials whose structures and properties often differ greatly from those of the bulk. Here we describe the detailed crystallography of an entire helical one-dimensional cobalt diiodide nanostructure encapsulated within a SWNT. This material has an unprecedented twisted double tetrahedral chain structure arising from a rotation of Co(2)I(4) units along its length. The complete nanostructure comprises two distinct regions with oppositely handed helices separated by a short disordered region. The encapsulating SWNT shows a commensurate ovoid distortion reflecting an unexpectedly strong interaction between the nanostructure and the SWNT.     

The Facial Expression Coding System (FACES): Development, validation, and utility.

This article presents information on the development and validation of the Facial Expression Coding System (FACES; A. M. Kring & D. Sloan, 1991). Grounded in a dimensional model of emotion, FACES provides information on the valence (positive, negative) of facial expressive behavior. In 5 studies, reliability and validity data from 13 diverse samples, including students, psychiatric patients, and community adults, are presented, and results indicate that raters can reliably agree on instances of positive and negative expressive behavior. Validity studies indicate that FACES ratings are related in predictable ways to another observational coding system, facial muscle activity, individual-difference measures of expressiveness and personality, skin conductance, heart rate, and reports of experienced emotion. FACES can be a useful tool for assessing expressive behavior in a variety of contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An interior‐point algorithm for elastoplasticity

The problem of small‐deformation, rate‐independent elastoplasticity is treated using convex programming theory and algorithms. A finite‐step variational formulation is first derived after which the relevant potential is discretized in space and subsequently viewed as the Lagrangian associated with a convex mathematical program. Next, an algorithm, based on the classical primal–dual interior point method, is developed. Several key modifications to the conventional implementation of this algorithm are made to fully exploit the nature of the common elastoplastic boundary value problem. The resulting method is compared to state‐of‐the‐art elastoplastic procedures for which both similarities and differences are found. Finally, a number of examples are solved, demonstrating the capabilities of the algorithm when applied to standard perfect plasticity, hardening multisurface plasticity, and problems involving softening. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An algorithm for profile and wavefront reduction of sparse matrices

An algorithm for reducing the profile and wavefront of a sparse matrix is described. The scheme is applicable to any sparse matrix which has a symmetric pattern of zeros and may be used to generate efficient labellings for finite element grids. In particular, it is suitable for generating efficient labellings for profile and frontal solution schemes. Empirical evidence, obtained from analysis of the 30 test problems collected by Everstine, suggests that the new algorithm is superior to existing methods for profile and wavefront reduction. It is fast, requires only a small amount of memory, and is simple to program.     

Intravascular lymphomatosis: a case presenting with encephalomyelitis and reactive haemophagocytic syndrome diagnosed by renal biopsy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of characteristics associated with unprotected heterosexual intercourse in HIV infected adults in an urban area. DESIGN: Retrospective comparison of sexual risk transmission behaviour between HIV infected men and women from a drug treatment site and between women from the drug site and HIV infected women from an urban medical centre. METHODS: HIV infected women and men were asked questions on sexual behaviour for a 1 year period before enrollment. The outcome variable was heterosexual risk behaviour (HRB) defined as having vaginal sex at least once in the previous year and not always using condoms. RESULTS: 73% of the drug clinic females, 72% of the drug clinic males, and 42% of the medical centre female engaged in HRB. Using logistic regression analysis, women and men in drug treatment engaged in similar rates of HRB; however, women in drug treatment were four times (95% CI = 2.0-8.3) more likely to engage in HRB risk behaviour than women from the medical centre. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that a surprisingly large portion of HIV infected patients under treatment engaged in HRB, especially former drug users. Without specifically targeted interventions, the heterosexual spread of HIV in urban areas will continue to be a serious problem.     

Mild traumatic brain injury--the Fife perspective

Excretion was studied of catecholamines and diphenilamine (DOPA) in 310 patients with carcinoma of the stomach and large intestine and 43 patients with non-malignant diseases. The oncological patients showed decrease in activity of the mediator link of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) as well as its reserves but there was no association with sex, age, location or histological structure. Three types of SAS functioning were identified, such as compensation, overstrain and emaciation. Surgical intervention led to activation of the hormonal link and exhaustion of the system's reserves. Two kinds of sympathoadrenal response to stress were described--adequate and inadequate. In the former type, phases of stress remain as they are, unchanged, as are time periods of formation thereof, while under the latter one time periods of the phases formation or formation thereof get disordered.     

'Le roi le veult'

Following the fiftieth anniversary of the National Health Service Act 1946, I make the case in this article that professional provision of health care must remain the property of the citizen under common law and must not become a commodity that is bought and sold by third parties, including the state.