印度印刷业概况

在过去的15年内，印度印刷业发生了天翻地覆的变化。1990年，印度发起了一场破除贸易壁垒，实现经济自由化的改革。为了使印度经济与全球经济更好地融合，印度加快了推进私人化的进程。在这场改革中，许多印度印刷企业开始引进最新的技术和设备，这也为印度印刷业打开了通向现代化的大门。在过去的15年中，印度的年平均综合增长速度超过了12％，而包装行业目前更是达到超过16％的增长速度。     

Augmented photoelectrochemical response of CdS/ZnS quantum dots sensitized hematite photoelectrode

A visible light active and stable photoelectrode has been developed by depositing a passivating layer of ZnS QDs on CdS QDs sensitized hematite photoelectrode (Hematite‐CdS/ZnS) for PEC generation of hydrogen. Photoelectrochemical properties, in terms of stability and efficiency, have been investigated on the various hematite photoelectrodes sensitized with CdS QDs and CdS/ZnS QDs by varying number of SILAR cycles. I–V characteristics show that two layers of ZnS QDs deposited over three layers of CdS could enhance PEC response of hematite and efficiency by a factor of 3 and 11 respectively. Chronoamperometry measurement ensures that after adding a layer of ZnS QDs, CdS sensitized hematite film turns out to be a stable photoelectrode in the electrolyte. Prepared photoelectrodes have been characterized by XRD, SEM, HRTEM and UV–Vis spectrophotometer for various structural, morphological and optical properties to analyze PEC results. Mott–Schottky analysis and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements of sensitized hematite photoelectrode supported the improved PEC response of CdS/ZnS QDs sensitized hematite thin films. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spray pyrolytically deposited nanoporous Ti doped hematite thin films for efficient photoelectrochemical splitting of water

Nanoporous hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) thin films doped with Ti⁴⁺ deposited by spray-pyrolysis were successfully used in photoelectrochemical splitting of water for solar hydrogen production. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible absorption and photoelectrochemical studies have been performed on the undoped and Ti⁴⁺ doped hematite thin films. Morphology of α-Fe₂O₃ thin films was observed to be nanoporous, with increased porosity (pore size ∼12 to 20 nm) on increasing doping concentration. A significant decrease in the bandgap energy from 1.95 to 1.27 eV was found due to doping. α-Fe₂O₃ film doped with 0.02 M Ti⁴⁺ ions exhibited best solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency (photoconversion efficiency) of 1.38% at 0.5 V/SCE. Highest photocurrent densities of 0.34 mA/cm² at zero bias and 1.98 mA/cm² at 0.5 V/SCE were obtained by incorporating 0.02 M Ti⁴⁺ in α-Fe₂O₃, which are significantly larger than earlier reported values. Donor density (30.8 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³) and flatband potential (−1.01 V/SCE) obtained were also maximum for this sample. Hydrogen collected in 1 hr at Pt electrode with the best photoelectrode was 2.44 mL with 150 mW/cm² visible light source.     

Influence of Cobalt Doping on the Physical Properties of Zn<Subscript>0.9</Subscript>Cd<Subscript>0.1</Subscript>S Nanoparticles

Zn_0.9Cd_0.1S nanoparticles doped with 0.005–0.24 M cobalt have been prepared by co-precipitation technique in ice bath at 280 K. For the cobalt concentration >0.18 M, XRD pattern shows unidentified phases along with Zn_0.9Cd_0.1S sphalerite phase. For low cobalt concentration (≤0.05 M) particle size, d _XRD is ~3.5 nm, while for high cobalt concentration (>0.05 M) particle size decreases abruptly (~2 nm) as detected by XRD. However, TEM analysis shows the similar particle size (~3.5 nm) irrespective of the cobalt concentration. Local strain in the alloyed nanoparticles with cobalt concentration of 0.18 M increases ~46% in comparison to that of 0.05 M. Direct to indirect energy band-gap transition is obtained when cobalt concentration goes beyond 0.05 M. A red shift in energy band gap is also observed for both the cases. Nanoparticles with low cobalt concentrations were found to have paramagnetic nature with no antiferromagnetic coupling. A negative Curie–Weiss temperature of −75 K with antiferromagnetic coupling was obtained for the high cobalt concentration.     

Combining Surface Water with Mine Water to Improve the Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Enhanced Coagulation

Mine Water and the Environment - Mixing of near-neutral pH mine water and surface water substantially reduced the reactive portion of the natural organic matter (NOM) in the surface water by...     

Experimental study on fluidisation behaviour and pressure drop across the centrifugal fluidised bed with static geometry by varying inlets,inlet width and mass of bed particles

Centrifugal fluidised bed with static geometry (CFBSG) is the novel approach of fluidisation which has not yet attracted the attention of IC engine researchers to remove particulate matter. This requires necessitating an understanding of the nature of fluidisation and pressure drop in CFBSG. The present study describes an experimental study on the effect of a number of inlets, inlet width, and mass of bed particles silicon carbide (SiC) on fluidisation and pressure drop across the fluidised bed chamber using air as a medium. Low pressure drop and better partial fluidisation were observed for three- and four-inlet chambers, especially at a higher loading of bed particles. The accumulation of bed particles near inlet and outlet is also drastically reduced as the number of inlet increases. When compared to 5?mm inlet slot chambers, 3?mm inlet slot chambers for any inlet gives better fluidisation with higher pressure drop.     

Measurement of focal length with phase-shifting Talbot interferometry

Phase-shifting interferometry with a Fourier fringe analysis technique is implemented to analyze Talbot interferometric fringes and to evaluate the focal length of a lens. A four-step algorithm is used to obtain the phase map of the lens. The slope of the phase map is related to the focal length, and it is from this relationship that we evaluate the focal length. Experimental results are presented. Our experimental study suggests that phase-shifting Talbot interferometry combined with a Fourier fringe analysis technique can be advantageously used to improve the accuracy of measurement.