Dissonance and healthy weight eating disorder prevention programs: Long-term effects from a randomized efficacy trial.

Adolescent girls with body dissatisfaction (N = 481, SD = 1.4) were randomized to a dissonance-based thin-ideal internalization reduction program, healthy weight control program, expressive writing control condition, or assessment-only control condition. Dissonance participants showed significantly greater decreases in thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, eating disorder symptoms, and psychosocial impairment and lower risk for eating pathology onset through 2- to 3-year follow-up than did assessment-only controls. Dissonance participants showed greater decreases in thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, and psychosocial impairment than did expressive writing controls. Healthy weight participants showed greater decreases in thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, eating disorder symptoms, and psychosocial impairment; less increases in weight; and lower risk for eating pathology and obesity onset through 2- to 3-year follow-up than did assessment-only controls. Healthy weight participants showed greater decreases in thin-ideal internalization and weight than did expressive writing controls. Dissonance participants showed a 60% reduction in risk for eating pathology onset, and healthy weight participants showed a 61% reduction in risk for eating pathology onset and a 55% reduction in risk for obesity onset relative to assessment-only controls through 3-year follow-up, implying that the effects are clinically important and enduring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Carbonic anhydrase textile structured packing for efficient CO2 absorption in methyldiethanolamine solvent

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an attractive biodegradable catalyst for CO₂ absorption in solvent-based CO₂ capture. However, maintaining the stability of CA as a homogeneous component of the solvents is a challenge. Solvent regeneration temperature typically exceeds the enzyme thermal tolerance, which leads to CA deactivation. To reduce the need for frequent CA replenishment and to avoid inactive CA accumulation in the solvent, this work shows the benefits of an immobilization strategy where CA is fixed in a second-generation design of textile structured packing (CATSP-2) modules. The enzyme-immobilized packing showed 1.5 times better performance in CO₂ separation compared with traditional structured packing with a corresponding increased CO₂ loading in the rich solvent. The modules exhibited good CA activity retention of ~80% during the tests without any CA replenishment. Applying CATSP-2 could potentially decrease the packing height and absorber column size for a lower cost per amount of CO₂ captured.     

Can support by digital technologies stimulate intrapreneurial behaviour? The moderating role of management support for innovation and intrapreneurial self-efficacy

Drawing on theorising on digital technologies as external enablers of entrepreneurial activities and an interactionist perspective on corporate entrepreneurship, this article examines the relationship between digital technology support and employee intrapreneurial behaviour. We propose that management support for innovation as an organisational characteristic and intrapreneurial self-efficacy as an individual characteristic moderate this relationship. Findings from a metric conjoint experiment with 1360 decisions nested within 85 employees showed that support by social media, support by collaborative technologies, and support by intelligent decision support systems were significant predictors of employee intrapreneurial behaviour. However, the relative impact of support by these digital technologies varied with different levels of management support for innovation and intrapreneurial self-efficacy.     

Polyether Cyclization Cascade Alterations in Response to Monensin Polyketide Synthase Mutations

The targeted manipulation of polyketide synthases has in recent years led to numerous new-to-nature polyketides. For type I polyketide synthases the response of post-polyketide synthases (PKS) processing enzymes onto the most frequently polyketide backbone manipulations is so far insufficiently studied. In particular, complex processes such as the polyether cyclisation in the biosynthesis of ionophores such as monensin pose interesting objects of research. We present here a study of the substrate promiscuity of the polyether cyclisation cascade enzymes in monensin biosynthesis in the conversion of redox derivatives of the nascent polyketide chain. LC-HRMS/MS²-based studies revealed a remarkable flexibility of the post-PKS enzymes. They acted on derivatized polyketide backbones based on the three possible polyketide redox states within two different modules and gave rise to an altered polyether structure. One of these monensin derivatives was isolated and characterized by 2D-NMR spectroscopy, crystallography, and bioactivity studies.     

Assessment of the ED-XRF technique to quantify mineral elements in nonlyophilised milk and cheese

The interest in analytical methods that accurately measure or predict the elemental profile of dairy foods has been steadily rising. The purpose of this study was to assess the robustness of the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) technique for the prediction of mineral elements in milk and cheese, avoiding any sample preparation steps. Results highlighted relatively low accuracy of the ED-XRF technique for the quantification of milk mineral elements, with coefficients of determination in validation ($R_v^2$) from 0.03 (magnesium) to 0.39 (phosphorus). Greater accuracies were obtained for the quantification of cheese minerals, with $R_v^2$ from 0.26 (sodium) to 0.69 (calcium).     

Identification of Biologically Diverse Tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ols through the Synthesis and Phenotypic Profiling of Chemically Diverse,Estradiol-Inspired Compounds

Combining natural product fragments to design new scaffolds with unprecedented bioactivity is a powerful strategy for the discovery of tool compounds and potential therapeutics. However, the choice of fragments to couple and the biological screens to employ remain open questions in the field. By choosing a primary fragment containing the A/B ring system of estradiol and fusing it to nine different secondary fragments, we were able to identify compounds that modulated four different phenotypes: inhibition of autophagy and osteoblast differentiation, as well as potassium channel and tubulin modulation. The latter two were uncovered by using unbiased morphological profiling with a cell-painting assay. The number of hits and variety in bioactivity discovered validates the use of recombining natural product fragments coupled to phenotypic screening for the rapid identification of biologically diverse compounds.     

Linkage-Specific Synthesis of Di-ubiquitin Probes Enabled by the Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acid ThzK

Di-ubiquitin (diUB) conjugates of defined linkages are useful tools for probing the functions of UB ligases, UB-binding proteins and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in coding, decoding and editing the signals carried by the UB chains. Here we developed an efficient method for linkage-specific synthesis of diUB probes based on the incorporation of the unnatural amino acid (UAA) N^ϵ-L-thiaprolyl-L-Lys (L-ThzK) into UB for ligation with another UB at a defined Lys position. The diUB formed by the UAA-mediated ligation reaction has a G76C mutation on the side of donor UB for conjugation with E2 and E3 enzymes or undergoing dethiolation to generate a covalent trap for DUBs. The development of UAA mutagenesis for diUB synthesis provides an easy route for preparing linkage-specific UB-based probes to decipher the biological signals mediated by protein ubiquitination.     

Oligo Pools as an Affordable Source of Synthetic DNA for Cost-Effective Library Construction in Protein- and Metabolic Pathway Engineering

The construction of custom libraries is critical for rational protein engineering and directed evolution. Array-synthesized oligo pools of thousands of user-defined sequences (up to ∼350 bases in length) have emerged as a low-cost commercially available source of DNA. These pools cost ≤10 % (depending on error rate and length) of other commercial sources of custom DNA, and this significant cost difference can determine whether an enzyme engineering project can be realized on a given research budget. However, while being cheap, oligo pools do suffer from a low concentration of individual oligos and relatively high error rates. Several powerful techniques that specifically make use of oligo pools have been developed and proven valuable or even essential for next-generation protein and pathway engineering strategies, such as sequence-function mapping, enzyme minimization, or de-novo design. Here we consolidate the knowledge on these techniques and their applications to facilitate the use of oligo pools within the protein engineering community.