Multiple Cracking and Tensile Behavior for an Orthogonal 3-D Woven Si-Ti-C-O Fiber/Si-Ti-C-O Matrix Composite

This paper presents experimental results for the multiple microcracking and tensile behavior of an orthogonal 3-D woven Si-Ti-C-O fiber (Tyranno™ Lox-M)/Si-Ti-C-O matrix composite with a nanoscale carbon fiber/matrix interphase and processed using a polymer impregnation and pyrolysis route. Based on microscopic observations and unidirectional tensile tests, it is revealed that the inelastic tensile stress/strain behavior is governed by matrix cracking in transverse (90°) fiber bundles between 65 and 180 MPa, matrix cracking in longitudinal (0°) fiber bundles between 180 and 300 MPa, and fiber fragmentation above 300 MPa. A methodology for estimation of unidirectional tensile behavior in orthogonal 3-D composites has been established by the use and modification of existing theory. A good correlation was obtained between the predicted and measured composite strain using this procedure.     

光催化剂型抗污染装置

空调器的冷却塔、水的净化槽、过滤器等中，在水中的光接收环境中可以防止藻类的产生。为了达到这种目的，一个抗污染物体（2）浸渍在水中（1），表面接收光，作为第一个传导部分。表面上提供光催化层（3），如抗污染物表面。第二个传导部分接电，通过外电路（4）与传导抗污染物（2）结合作为一个反向电极（5），并被置于水中（1）。     

Many task computing for orthologous genes identification in protozoan genomes using Hydra

One of the main advantages of using a scientific workflow management system (SWfMS) is to orchestrate data flows among scientific activities and register provenance of the whole workflow execution. Nevertheless, the execution control of distributed activities in high performance computing environments by SWfMS presents challenges such as steering control and provenance gathering. Such challenges may become a complex task to be accomplished in bioinformatics experiments, particularly in Many Task Computing scenarios. This paper presents a data parallelism solution for a bioinformatics experiment supported by Hydra, a middleware that bridges SWfMS and high performance computing to enable workflow parallelization with provenance gathering. Hydra Many Task Computing parallelization strategies can be registered and reused. Using Hydra, provenance may also be uniformly gathered. We have evaluated Hydra using an Orthologous Gene Identification workflow. Experimental results show that a systematic approach for distributing parallel activities is viable, sparing scientist time and diminishing operational errors, with the additional benefits of distributed provenance support. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oxygen storage and release behavior of delafossite-type CuFe1−x Al x O2

Delafossite-type solid solution, CuFe_1?x Al _x O₂, was synthesized and its oxygen storage capacity (OSC) was investigated under oxidation/reduction cycle using a pulse injection method. CuFe_1?x Al _x O₂ was synthesized by heating at 1100–1150 °C in N₂ flow. OSC values for x = 0.1 and 0.3 were larger than that for x = 0 above 500 °C, indicating that substitution of Fe³⁺ by Al³⁺ improved OSC. For x = 0.5–1.0, temperature at which OSC increased steeply shifted upward. Results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) after the thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) measurement in air for CuFe_1?x Al _x O₂ (x = 0–0.7) indicated that oxidative decomposition of delafossite phases to CuO and spinel-type phase occurred. In addition, Cu reduction temperature estimated by the temperature programmed reduction using H₂ (H₂-TPR) shifted to higher temperature with increasing Al content. The XRD results of the samples after H₂ and O₂/He pulse injection suggested that the oxygen storage/release behavior was caused by reversible oxidation/reduction process between CuFe_1?x Al _x O₂ delafossite and (Fe_1?x Al _x )₃O₄ spinel phase +Cu.     

Novel use of Acacia senegal (Super Gum™) and Anogeisus latifolia (Gatifolia SD) as functional ingredients in extruded snack products: Their role in manipulating product characteristics and modulating the potential glycaemic response of snack foods

Acacia senegal (in the form of Super Gum™) and Anogeissus latifolia (in the form of gum Gatifolia SD) were used in the manufacture of ready to eat extruded cereal snack products. Inclusions rates were 0, 5, 10 and 15% w/w replacement levels for wheat flour from a control recipe. The inclusion of Super Gum™ and Gatifolia increased product expansion and reduced product density compared to a cereal flour based control snack product. Inclusion of the gum materials also decreased the hardness of the snack products whilst increasing the crispiness of the product (number of fracture peaks recorded during axial compression of samples). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) measurements obtained using in vitro digestion procedures illustrated that the potential glucose release of snack products was reduced by more than 30% by the inclusion of Gatifolia and Super Gum™ at 15% w/w compared to the control sample. Such a reduction in potential glucose release was not dose responsive. These results illustrate a potential nutritional benefit of the utilisation of Gatifolia and Super Gum™ in the ready to eat snack food sector of the food industry.     

Faecal fermentation of partially hydrolyzed guar gum

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) remains undigested in the upper gastrointestinal tract, but is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine to stimulate short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyric acid. In this study, the bacterial composition in the in vitro faecal fermentation of PHGG was analyzed by real-time PCR to identify the bacteria contributing to the stimulation of butyric acid production. The production of short-chain fatty acids in a PHGG culture was compared with that in inulin and blank (no substrate) cultures. After the fermentation of the substrates by fresh human faeces, PHGG clearly promoted the production of butyric acid. The butyryl-CoA CoA-transferase gene copy number and the 16S rRNA gene copy number of the Roseburia/Eubacterium rectale group in the PHGG culture were significantly higher than those in the blank culture. These results indicated that Roseburia/E. rectale group bacteria would play an important role in the butyric acid production in vitro fermentation of PHGG.     

Hyphal surface architecture and cell morphology of Trichoderma reesei

The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei which is known to secrete high amounts of cellulolytic enzymes was found to produce a massive amount of fibrous material at the outer surface of the cell wall as observed by ultrahigh-resolution low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. Using transmission electron microscopy, the cell wall ornamentation of the hyper-cellulosic mutant PC-3-7 was found to be less massive and much thinner than for QM9414. A significant amount of fibrous material was produced in Avicel-grown cultures that were less abundant in glucose-grown cultures and Avicel was occasionally found entangled within the cell wall-associated fibrous layer.     

Asymptotic Expansions of the Distribution of the Estimator for the Generalized Partial Correlation Under Nonnormality

The generalized partial correlation is denned as a correlation between two variables, where the linear effects of common and unique third variables are partialed out from the two variables. The generalized partial correlation includes simple, partial, part/semipartial and bipartial correlations as special cases. The Edgeworth expansion of the distribution of the standardized sample coefficient for the generalized partial correlation is obtained up to order O(1/n) under nonnormality. Also asymptotic expansions of the distribution of the Studentized estimator are obtained using the Edgeworth expansion, Cornish-Fisher expansion and Hall’s method with variable transformation. As extensions, the results of multivariate cases or generalized partial set-correlations are given.

     

Growth of anodic oxide films on oxygen-containing niobium

The present study is directed at understanding of the influence of oxygen in the metal on anodic film growth on niobium, using sputter-deposited niobium containing from about 0-52 at.% oxygen, with anodizing carried out at high efficiency in phosphoric acid electrolyte. The findings reveal amorphous anodic niobia films, with no significant effect of oxygen on the field strength, transport numbers, mobility of impurity species and capacitance. However, since niobium is partially oxidized due to presence of oxygen in the substrate, less charge is required to form the films, hence reducing the time to reach a particular film thickness and anodizing voltage. Further, the relative thickness of film material formed at the metal/film interface is increased by the incorporation of oxygen species into the films from the substrate, with an associated altered depth of incorporation of phosphorus species into the films.