γ射线辐照水溶液中氯霉素的降解研究

研究了γ射线辐照水溶液中氯霉素的降解规律,并对辐解产物进行了初步探讨.根据辐照前后高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)图谱中氯霉素峰面积变化,分析得出氯霉素随吸收剂量和初始浓度的降解规律.利用液相色谱串联质谱(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,LC/MS/MS),定性分析氯霉素的辐解产物.结果表明,氯霉素残留量随吸收剂量和初始浓度的变化关系满足指数方程;氯霉素辐射降解后形成了30个以上的辐解产物,它们在氯霉素检测波长278nm下的响应值均较低;确定了氯霉素在不同辐解条件下均出现的8种主要辐解产物,它们的准分子离子质量[M-H]分别为:353、337、335(A)、335(B)、319、289、127、166,并对主要辐解产物进行了初步的结构解析.     

辐照食品分析检测技术的研究进展

本文介绍了国内外辐照食品检测技术的研究进展，着重对化学分析法、电子自旋共振(ESR)法及热释光分析(TL)法进行了阐述，并对今后辐照食品检测技术的研究提出了建议。     

Learning differential diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases using voting feature intervals

A new classification algorithm, called VFI5 (for Voting Feature Intervals), is developed and applied to problem of differential diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases. The domain contains records of patients with known diagnosis. Given a training set of such records, the VFI5 classifier learns how to differentiate a new case in the domain. VFI5 represents a concept in the form of feature intervals on each feature dimension separately. classification in the VFI5 algorithm is based on a real-valued voting. Each feature equally participates in the voting process and the class that receives the maximum amount of votes is declared to be the predicted class. The performance of the VFI5 classifier is evaluated empirically in terms of classification accuracy and running time.     

Correlation of functional magnetic source imaging with intraoperative cortical stimulation in neurosurgical patients

This study compared noninvasive preoperative functional imaging by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) with intraoperative direct cortical stimulation in ten patients undergoing neurosurgery. The goal was to assess the accuracy and reliability of MEG-based functional imaging in these patients as a possible replacement or adjunct for direct cortical stimulation with electrocorticography. Objective comparison of intraoperative mapping with preoperative MEG procedures was achieved by intraoperative recording of mapped cortical locations for motor responses using an interactive image-guided surgical device, the ISG viewing wand, with which mapping points could be marked on a previously acquired (MRI) set. In all ten patients, at least one stimulation site elicited a response during both MEG and intraoperative mapping. The central sulcus ipsilateral to the lesion was only directly visible on high-resolution MRIs in 3/10 cases and equivocally in 2/10. Coregistered with MRI to form magnetic source images (MSIs), MEG predictions of the postcentral gyrus were possible in all 10 cases. In all 10 cases, these were in agreement with intraoperative estimation of the precentral gyrus. Functional mapping of somatosensory cortex was achieved noninvasively in surgical patients by using MSI. The accuracy, compared with cortical stimulation, was always sufficient to define motor and somatosensory strips.     

Alpha-adrenergic reactivity of the microcirculation in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats

The goal of this study was to determine the functional distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the striated muscle microcirculation. Experiments were performed in intact conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that were provided with a dorsal microcirculatory chamber to allow microvascular diameter measurements. Administration of selective alpha 1- and alpha 2-agonists, phenylephrine and azepexole, respectively, induced different patterns of microvascular constriction. alpha 1-Adrenoceptor stimulation showed a preferential constriction of large arteries and venules. The entire arteriolar microvasculature was sensitive to alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation, whereas the venular vessels did not respond to azepexole. The selective alpha 1- and alpha 2-antagonists prazosin and yohimbine showed patterns of vasodilator activity comparable to those of the corresponding agonists. The specificity of the drug-induced effects was verified by comparing their effects with those of graded hemorrhage, a non-pharmacological method for blood pressure lowering. In the range of blood pressure decreases comparable to that obtained by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, graded hemorrhage did not influence microvascular diameters. These results show a differential functional distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors along the microvascular tree in striated muscle of conscious SHR.     

Electroconvulsive therapy of acute manic episodes: a review of 50 years' experience

OBJECTIVE: The most common indication for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is major depression. It is less recognized that ECT is effective also in the treatment of acute mania. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the literature on the use of ECT for manic patients. METHOD: All published papers in the English language on the use of ECT in acute mania that could be found were reviewed with regard to efficacy, frequency and number of treatments, bilateral versus unilateral electrode placement, predictors of antimanic response, stability of therapeutic response, cognitive consequences, and other relevant issues. RESULTS: The evidence indicates that ECT is associated with remission or marked clinical improvement in 80% of manic patients and that it is an effective treatment for patients whose manic episodes have responded poorly to pharmacotherapy. Manic patients do not require a high frequency or prolonged course of treatments to respond to ECT. The seizure threshold appears to be lower in manic patients than in depressed patients. The issues of relapse following response to ECT, cognitive consequences of ECT, and the relative merits of unilateral versus bilateral ECT in manic patients require further study. CONCLUSIONS: ECT is an effective and safe treatment for acute mania. Remission of mania following ECT reflects a primary therapeutic effect rather than a secondary consequence of an ECT-induced organic brain syndrome.     

Ethanol-mediated neutrophil extravasation in feline pancreas

Ethanol is a common cause of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Studies in other organs suggest that polymorphonuclear neutrophils activated by ethanol may cause tissue injury in a variety of conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol on neutrophil extravasation in the feline pancreas. Pancreata were isolated and perfused at different flow rates with varying concentrations of ethanol in either a physiological or neutrophil depleted perfusate. Neutrophil extravasation was assessed by measuring pancreatic tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Ethanol at 2.5% (54.25 mmol/liter) was the lowest concentration that still caused significant neutrophil extravasation (3.1+/-0.8 vs 1.9+/-0.2 units, P<0.05) and was accompanied by an increase in vascular resistance of 15%. Reduction of pancreatic perfusion by 15% did not significantly increase neutrophil extravasation. (1.1+/-0.3 vs 1.6+/-0.2 units, NS) Perfusion of the pancreas with neutrophil-depleted blood containing either ethanol or saline, followed by perfusion with an ethanol-free perfusate, showed an increase in neutrophil extravasation in the ethanol group compared to the control group (3.2+/-0.9 vs 1.9+/-0.2 units, P<0.05). In conclusion, ethanol causes neutrophil extravasation in the feline pancreas independent of blood flow changes and occurs despite the absence of direct neutrophil exposure to ethanol.