Simulation Analysis of Direction Solidification Process with Fixed Partition Block to Grow Multi Crystalline Silicon Ingot

Silicon - The simulation of Directional Solidification (DS) process without partition block and with partition block has been carried to grow multi crystalline silicon (mc-Si) ingot and the results...     

Microwave material processing—a review

Microwave heating is caused by the ability of the materials to absorb microwave energy and convert it to heat. This article represents a review on fundamentals of microwave heating and their interaction with materials for various applications in a comprehensive manner. Experimental studies of single, multimode, and variable frequency microwave processing were reviewed along with their applications. Modeling of microwave heating based on Lambert's law and Maxwell's electromagnetic field equations have also been reviewed along with their applications. Modeling approaches were used to predict the effect of resonances on microwave power absorption, the role of supports for microwave heating, and to determine the nonuniformity on heating rates. Various industrial applications on thermal processing have been reviewed. There is tremendous scope for theoretical and experimental studies on the athermal effects of microwaves. Some of the unresolved problems are identified and directions for further research are also suggested. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Spin polarization and Gilbert damping of Co2Fe(GaxGe1−x) Heusler alloys

The spin polarization (P) of ferromagnetic Heusler alloys, Co₂Fe(Ga_xGe_1?x) (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1), is investigated by point contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) measurements. While the P values of the ternary Co₂FeGe and Co₂FeGa alloys are 0.58 and 0.59, respectively, the corresponding value for Co₂Fe(Ge_0.5Ga_0.25) is as high as 0.69. Co₂Fe(Ge_0.5Ga_0.5) alloy shows a strong tendency for L2₁ ordering and a high Curie temperature of 807 °C. Ab initio calculations indicate that the band structures of the Co₂FeGe and Co₂Fe(Ge_0.5Ga_0.5) alloys with L2₁ or B2 structures are half-metallic. Thin films of the quaternary Co₂Fe(Ge_0.5Ga_0.5) alloy grown on MgO(0 0 1) substrates order to the L2₁ structure upon annealing at 500 °C, giving rise to a high P of 0.75. This is the highest P value reported for Heusler alloy thin films using the PCAR technique. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements show that the Gilbert damping constant of the film is ～0.008. All these indicate that the Co₂Fe(Ge_0.5Ga_0.5) alloy is promising as a spin polarized current source for spintronics devices.     

Nickel-decorated single vacancy phosphorene – A favourable candidate for hydrogen storage

This work studies the effect of nickel decoration on the hydrogen adsorption properties of single vacancy (SV) defective phosphorene. First principles simulations of Ni decoration show that the SV defective surfaces relax to a doped-like structure with the Ni atom in the place of the vacant phosphorus atom. The functionalised surface shows excess negative charge on neighbouring P atoms, making it suitable for sensing purposes. Additionally, the chemical activity of Ni is reduced due to strong bond formation with phosphorus. Both Ni-decorated SV phosphorene systems have H₂ adsorption energies more than 3 times than that of defective phosphorene, with values between ?0.594 eV and ?0.6 eV. The adsorption mechanism of H₂ is a two-fold process involving a small charge transfer from the surface P atoms and weak dipole-dipole interactions between the H₂ molecule and the Ni atom, as the reduced chemical activity of Ni prevents bond formation with H₂. The results demonstrate Ni-decorated SV Phosphorene as a promising candidate for Hydrogen storage and gas sensing applications. Further, decoration on defective phosphorene surfaces can be regarded as a method to control the chemical activity of transition metals for use in applications such as catalysis.     

Optimum anamorphic image generation using image rotation and relative entropy

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Anamorphosis is related to the art that gives illusion (distortion) over the image or object when the viewer looks the original image or from the random...     

Groundwater Modeling Under Variable Operating Conditions Using SWAT,MODFLOW and MT3DMS: a Catchment Scale Approach to Water Resources Management

This paper presents an integrated modeling approach by linking soil and water application tool (SWAT), modular finite difference groundwater flow (MODFLOW) and modular 3-dimensional multi-species transport (MT3DMS) models capable of predicting a groundwater system response, in terms of flow and salt concentrations, to current and future development conditions. SWAT, a semi-distributed hydrologic model, estimates the spatio-temporal distribution of groundwater recharge rates. These rates are then input to MODFLOW using an interface module developed that maps the HRU-based spatial resolution of SWAT outflows into the cell-based spatial structure of inputs to MODFLOW and MT3DMS. The integrated SWAT-MODFLOW-MT3DMS model is used in modeling Dehloran aquifer system located in the arid western region of Iran, experiencing changes in land-use, irrigation system and pumping locations and loads. The results illustrate the significance of the developed integrated modeling tool in quantifying the impact of changes in land and surface water resources on its subsurface water system.     

Generating Cyan Fluorescence with De Novo Tripeptides: An In Vitro Mutation Study on the Role of Single Amino Acid Residues and Their Sequence

Amino acids are natural choices as building blocks when developing biofunctional entities owing to their superior diversity and versatile physicochemical properties compared to nucleotide bases. A simple permutation of the amino acids creates a broad palette of proteins and these have been successfully engineered into useful biofunctional agents. For example, the intrinsic ultraviolet fluorescence of phenylalanine and tryptophan has been engineered to emit in the visible spectrum, which has broad applications for imaging/sensing probes, photothermal therapy agents, optogenetic switches, etc. Nature produces more colorful coats/furs, feathers/hairs, and eyes through various biochemical modifications of tyrosine-based pigmentation. However, it is challenging to modulate the fluorescence wavelength from the UV to the visible region through oligopeptides. Herein, we report an innovative approach to obtain cyan fluorescence by using de novo tripeptides containing glycine, tyrosine, and lysine, which form robust dimer structures under moderate oxidizing conditions. Through an in vitro mutation approach, we deduce that both the amino acids and their sequence play significant roles in modulating the fluorescence. We believe this work holds great promise for developing novel cell imaging and resonance energy-transfer-based fluorescent probes.