Minocycline Loaded Hybrid Composites Nanoparticles for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Osteogenesis

Bone transplants are used to treat fractures and increase new tissue development in bone tissue engineering. Grafting of massive implantations showing slow curing rate and results in cell death for poor vascularization. The potentials of biocomposite scaffolds to mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) and including new biomaterials could produce a better substitute for new bone tissue formation. A purpose of this study is to analyze polycaprolactone/silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid/minocycline hydrochloride (PCL/SF/HA/MH) nanoparticles initiate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proliferation and differentiation into osteogenesis. Electrospraying technique was used to develop PCL, PCL/SF, PCL/SF/HA and PCL/SF/HA/MH hybrid biocomposite nanoparticles and characterization was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), contact angle and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The obtained results proved that the particle diameter and water contact angle obtained around 0.54 ± 0.12 to 3.2 ± 0.18 µm and 43.93 ± 10.8° to 133.1 ± 12.4° respectively. The cell proliferation and cell-nanoparticle interactions analyzed using (3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt) MTS assay (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), FESEM for cell morphology and 5-Chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) dye for imaging live cells. Osteogenic differentiation was proved by expression of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and mineralization was confirmed by using alizarin red (ARS). The quantity of cells was considerably increased in PCL/SF/HA/MH nanoparticles when compare to all other biocomposite nanoparticles and the cell interaction was observed more on PCL/SF/HA/MH nanoparticles. The electrosprayed PCL/SF/HA/MH biocomposite nanoparticle significantly initiated increased cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, which provide huge potential for bone tissue engineering.     

Slope instability analysis in Phyllitic rock in the Lesser Himalayan using three different modeling approach

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - The numerical methods for slope stability problems always have a serious concern related to their continuum and discontinuum nature. In...     

Enhanced Stretch Formability of Magnesium Alloy Sheet by Prestretching at Various Speeds at Higher Temperature

JOM - Prestretch deformation of 6.48% with various initial speeds (1 mm/min, 101 mm/min, and 100 mm/min) was carried out at 723 K to improve the formability of...     

Microstructure and Mechanical Property Correlation of Mg-Si Alloys

Silicon - The present work aims at understanding the microstructure and mechanical property correlation of hypo (Mg-0.5, 0.7, 1.15 wt% Si) and hyper (Mg-2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt% Si) eutectic binary...     

Hydrogen permeation during zinc-manganese alloy plating

Electrodeposition of metals from solution is usually accompanied by the simultaneous discharge of hydrogen ions or water molecules. When hydrogen is liberated at an iron/steel surface during electrodeposition, a portion of the hydrogen is absorbed by the metal surface and then diffuses into the interior. The diffused hydrogen produces some detrimental effects, such as reduction in ductility and loss in mechanical strength, leading to hydrogen embrittlement. The present paper reports investigations on hydrogen permeation measurements in zinc-manganese alloy deposition using a modified electrode clamp for easy removal and fixing of the electrode. Hydrogen permeation studies indicate that the porosity of the deposit increases in the following order:Zn-Mn(14.3%), Zn-Mn(2.4%), Zn-Mn(24.8%) and Zn-Mn(37.5%).This is in agreement with the corrosion data obtained which indicates that Zn-Mn alloy deposits with low manganese content show better performance than pure zinc deposits.     

The hydrothermal synthesis and structure of a one-dimensional Fe(II)molybdophosphate

A new one-dimensional Fe(II)molybdophosphate of the formula, [(C₁₀H₈N₂)H₂]₂[Fe₄^(II)Mo₁₂^(V)(HPO₄)₆(PO₄)₂(H₂O)₈(OH)₆O₂₄]·8H₂O, (1), has been synthesized by employing hydrothermal methods and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of a network of MO₆ (M = Fe, Mo) octahedra and (H)PO₄ tetrahedra linked through their vertices. The connectivity between the polyhedral units gives rise to one-dimensional chains with eight-membered apertures. The hydrogen bonded interactions between the chains form pseudo two-dimensional layers. Extensive hydrogen bonding also exists between the amine molecule, 4,4^′-bipyridine, water molecule and framework oxygen atoms. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group = P2₁ (no. 4), a=12.549(3) (Å), b=23.496(5) (Å), c=14.551(3) (Å), β=114.87(3)°, , and Z=2.     

Ta2O5/Nb2O5 and Y2O3 Co-doped Zirconias for Thermal Barrier Coatings

Zirconia doped with 3.2–4.2 mol% (6–8 wt%) yttria (3–4YSZ) is currently the material of choice for thermal barrier coating topcoats. The present study examines the ZrO₂-Y₂O₃-Ta₂O₅/Nb₂O₅ systems for potential alternative chemistries that would overcome the limitations of the 3–4YSZ. A rationale for choosing specific compositions based on the effect of defect chemistry on the thermal conductivity and phase stability in zirconia-based systems is presented. The results show that it is possible to produce stable (for up to 200 h at 1000°–1500°C), single (tetragonal) or dual (tetragonal + cubic) phase chemistries that have thermal conductivity that is as low (1.8–2.8W/m K) as the 3–4YSZ, a wide range of elastic moduli (150–232 GPa), and a similar mean coefficient of thermal expansion at 1000°C. The chemistries can be plasma sprayed without change in composition or deleterious effects to phase stability. Preliminary burner rig testing results on one of the compositions are also presented.     

Automated access to a large medical dictionary: online assistance for research and application in natural language processing

Online dictionaries can be important tools for research and application in natural language processing. This paper describes work with a machine-readable version of "Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary". First the characteristics of the dictionary are briefly described, and then the complex process of converting the tape to an online interactive dictionary is discussed. The results of several experiments in automatically deriving information from the online dictionary are presented, and the paper ends with a discussion of the use of the online dictionary as a tool in the development of a natural language processing system designed for the biomedical domain.     

Study on a twin‐bed adsorption refrigeration system using R134a‐activated carbon pair

A low capacity twin‐bed adsorption refrigeration system has been built with R134a as a refrigerant and activated carbon as the adsorbent. Simple tube‐in‐tube heat exchangers have been fabricated and have been used as the adsorber beds. Activated carbon (granular type) has been filled in the annular space of the inner tube and outer tube. A plate heat exchanger has been used as the condenser and the temperature of cooling water has been maintained between 25°C and 30°C, also the evaporator has been custom designed as per requirements. A mathematical model has also been developed and the results obtained have been found to be comparable. While operating the system in the single‐bed mode a cooling power of 250.4 W has been obtained with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.38 with an average evaporator temperature of 18.4°C against a predicted value of 263.7 W with a COP of 0.41. While operating in the twin‐bed mode a cooling power of 281.3 W with a COP of 0.47 with an average evaporator temperature of 17.6°C has been obtained against a predicted value of 294.5 W with a COP of 0.52.     

Smart utilization of renewable energy sources in a microgrid system integrated with plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles

Mass roll‐out of plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and significant penetration of renewable energy sources in distribution system play a major role in delivering low carbon environment. However, placing and utilizing these units randomly result in overloading, increased power loss, and reduced voltage profile. This paper responds to these technical challenges by using a strategic placement method for locating the distributed generation (DG) and the charging station (CS) of PHEVs in a multi‐zone distribution system. For simultaneously scheduling of these units in each zone, the smart energy management framework is proposed in this paper. Apart from usual energy management constraints, this paper also incorporates the real‐time constraints involving the capacity of PHEV batteries, the mobility pattern, and the power level of the charging infrastructure. The simulation studies are carried out for each hour of a day. To cope with this time constraint execution, particle swarm optimization algorithm‐based approach is used. The proposed framework is tested in IEEE 33 and IEEE 69 bus radial distribution system. The obtained results imply that the presented energy management framework provides maximum profits for the vehicle owner, and meanwhile it fulfills preferences of the user in each zone simultaneously.