Serial deployment of attention during visual search.

This study examined whether objects are attended in serial or in parallel during a demanding visual search task. A component of the event-related potential waveform, the N2pc wave, was used as a continuous measure of the allocation of attention to possible targets in the search arrays. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the relative allocation of attention shifts rapidly, favoring one item and then another. In Experiment 2, a paradigm was used that made it possible to track the absolute allocation of attention to individual items. This experiment showed that attention was allocated to one object for 100-150 ms before attention began to be allocated to the next object. These findings support models of attention that posit serial processing in demanding visual search tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Direct synthesis of copper faujasite

Copper containing faujasite has been successfully prepared for the first time using a direct synthesis method. Faujasite type zeolite can be prepared in the presence of copper species by tuning the synthesis conditions. Ammonium hydroxide was used to form a copper complex that was later mixed with the reacting gel. Sodium is required to obtain copper faujasite. The complete elimination of sodium ions from the starting gel produces amorphous material. Crystallization took place at 358 K for 11 days. Crystallization temperature of 373 K produces ANA type zeolite as an impurity. Increasing by two times the amount of copper complex added to the reacting gel increases the crystallization time of Cu-FAU from 11 to 20 days (the crystallization rate decreases). The copper containing faujasite obtained was characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, EPR, FT-IR, TPR, and BET. According to the XRD pattern only FAU type zeolite was obtained. According to TPR experiments, the reduction temperature for Cu²⁺ ions present in Cu-FAU prepared by direct synthesis was 70 K more than for Cu-FAU prepared by ion-exchange. This difference can be due to the different location of the copper ions in the supercages or in the sodalite cages of the faujasite.     

Introduction

Concluding remarks With this brief exposition of the areas covered in this special double issue on Eurotra, we shall now conclude our introduction. We hope that the volume will achieve its goals, as outlined above, at least to some extent. Certainly, much more could be said about a wide range of topics which have been covered in the lifetime or the project so far. For instance, these article, mainly written by linguists, deliberately neglect the software implementation and environment aspects of the prototype Eurotra Translation System, as well as a number of peripheral tools and components of the system that are available to the user, such as lexical data bases, text-handling mechanisms and the like. The reader interested in aspects of this kind is referred to Raw et al. 1989 for a very brief introduction, and to the Eurotra software team at the Commission of the European Communities (DG XIII, Luxembourg) for more details. However, one goal that we do hope to come close to achieving is to give a fair overview of the Eurotra linguistic theory of translation and the mainstream and sideline formalisms expressing variant versions of it. If we have come anywhere near achieving that, our gratitude is due to the numerous Eurotra colleagues who have supported us in preparing this volume, and to the editor of this journal.     

Stick-slip vibrations of a two degree-of-freedom geophysical fault model

This paper considers the behaviour of a two degree-of-freedom autonomous system with static and dynamic friction consisting of two blocks linked by springs on a moving belt. This system is the simplest model which has been used to simulate the dynamics of seismic faults. The friction force is assumed to be a decreasing function of the relative sliding velocity. The motion of the blocks is composed of a uniform stick motion, during which the divergence of the system is zero, and an accelerated slip motion, during which the divergence is positive. The mathematical model by definition concentrates the dissipation on the point where the slip motion ceases. It is assumed that slip occurs only in one direction. A three-dimensional Poincaré map and a scalar single variable map are discussed which characterize the dynamics of the system in a simple way. The one-dimensional map can be used to diagnose the chaotic behaviour of the full system, and quantities, similar to Lyapunov exponents, can be easily calculated which provide information regarding the system-sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The system dynamics illustrate the idea of studying the earthquake generation mechanism as a chaotic phenomenon.     

铝－锂合金中δ’（Al＿3Li）沉淀相时效粗化行为及体积分数的测定

对经固溶处理的二种Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金（１．９４ｗｔ．％Ｌｉ和２．７５ｗｔ．％Ｌｉ）的时效过程进行了研究。结果表明：δ’的生长速率遵从Ｏｓｔｗａｒｄ粗化动力学。１．９４ｗｔ．％Ｌｉ合金δ’产生于时效过程中，而２．７５ｗｔ．％Ｌｉ合金的δ’产生于时效的前期阶段。前者的表现体积分数明显大于根据相图估算的数伍，真实体积分数则与此值接近；后者的体积分数低于根据相图估算的数值，这可能归咎于δ’固相线的位置、统计学误差及Ｌｉ更易在时效过程中贫化。     

Ratings of Therapist Dynamic Activities and Alliance Early and Late in Psychotherapy.

The present study examines the concurrent and predictive relationships between therapist psychodynamic-interpersonal activity and therapist-rated alliance. Ratings from 45 patient and therapist dyads engaged in short term psychodynamic psychotherapy from a point early (3rd or 4th session) and late (the session at which 90% of the treatment was completed) in treatment were used. The results suggest that therapists who have positive views of the alliance early in treatment also have positive views of the alliance later in treatment. Therapists who used psychodynamic-interpersonal activities early in treatment also made use of psychodynamic-interpersonal activities later in treatment. Moreover, the use of psychodynamic-interpersonal activities early in treatment was positively related to both global and specific aspects of therapist-rated alliance late in treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Completeness for nondeterministic complexity classes

We demonstrate differences between reducibilities and corresponding completeness notions for nondeterministic time and space classes. For time classes the studied completeness notions under polynomial-time bounded (even logarithmic-space bounded) reducibilities turn out to be different for any class containingNE. For space classes the completeness notions under logspace reducibilities can be separated for any class properly containingLOGSPACE. Key observation in obtaining the separations is the honesty property of reductions, which was recently observed to hold for the time classes and can be shown to hold for space classes.The work of S. Homer was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants MIP-8608137 and CCR-8814339 and a Fulbright-Hays Research Fellowship. Some of this research was done while he was a Guest Professor at the Mathematics Institute of Heidelberg University.     

Visual insights into high-resolution earthquake Simulations.

This study focuses on the visualization of a series of large earthquake simulations collectively called TeraShake. The simulation series aims to assess the impact of San Andreas Fault earthquake scenarios in Southern California. We discuss the role of visualization in gaining scientific insight and aiding unexpected discoveries.     

Family-Responsive Interventions, Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support, Work-Family Conflict, and Psychological Strain.

This study examined organizational family-responsive policies, perceptions of the organization as family supportive, and supervisor support as issues that may be salient to the experience of conflict between paid employment (work) and family roles. Data were collected from 355 managerial personnel in New Zealand. Although work-family conflict and psychological strain were strongly linked, the availability of organizational policies had no significant association with levels of conflict or strain, whereas policy usage was related only to work-to-family interference and not to family-to-work interference. On the other hand, perceptions of the organization as family supportive and supervisor support for work-family balance displayed significant relationships with key variables, highlighting the importance of these variables for interventions designed to ameliorate the negative impact of work-family conflict on managerial well-being. Implications for the effective implementation of family-responsive interventions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Risk Factors for Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Vietnam Veterans: A 14-Year Follow-Up of American Legionnaires.

Risk factors affecting the course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are poorly understood. As part of a larger study on characterizing exposure to herbicides in Vietnam, the authors investigated this issue in a random sample of 1,377 American Legionnaires who had served in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War and were followed over a 14-year period. High combat exposure, perceived negative community attitudes at homecoming, minority race, depression symptoms at Time 1, and more anger at Time 1 predicted a more chronic course. Community involvement at Time 1 was protective and associated with decreased risk at Time 2. Discomfort in disclosing Vietnam experiences was associated with an increased risk for developing PTSD but did not predict its course. Combat exposure predicted PTSD course more strongly than any other risk factor. Findings suggest recovery from PTSD is significantly influenced by perceived social support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)