High-risk sexual behavior at a midwestern university: a confirmatory survey

According to a 1991 study of sexual behavior based on a random sample of heterosexual undergraduates at a Midwestern university, 80% of the males and 73% of the females had experienced vaginal or anal intercourse. The average age at first vaginal intercourse was 17.2 years for both sexes. Seventeen percent of the sexually experienced males and 18% of the sexually experienced females had engaged in heterosexual anal intercourse; among these respondents, the average age at first anal intercourse was 20.3 for males and 19.1 for females. Although less than four years, on average, had elapsed since the respondents had first had vaginal intercourse, males reported an average of 8.0 lifetime vaginal-sex partners and females reported an average of 6.1. Overall, the findings from this random sample of students are similar to those from a 1988 convenience sample of the same college population.     

Convection in a concentric annulus with heat generating porous media and a permeable inner boundary

The effects of a permeable inner boundary on the maximum temperature and the convective flows were investigated numerically for a two-dimensional horizontal annulus containing a uniformly heat generating porous media. The time-dependent governing equations were nondimensionalized and put into an explicit finite difference numerical form. The finite difference equations were obtained from truncated Taylor series expansions using a central differencing scheme. Nondimensional temperatures and streamlines were obtained for heat generation rates ranging from 20 to 1,500 W/m³ corresponding to a range of modified Rayleigh numbers of 324 to 24,340 and for several combinations of isothermally heated wall conditions for annuli of radius ratio of 2. It was found that multi-cellular flows occur at the highest Rayleigh numbers investigated.     

Opportunistic fungal infections: filamentous fungi and cryptococcosis

Older patients with diabetes mellitus or pulmonary diseases and those receiving immunosuppressive drugs are at an increased risk of infection with environmentally-acquired, opportunistic fungal diseases. Aspergillus most often produces invasive pulmonary or sinus infection in severely immuno-compromised patients. Chronic necrotizing pulmonary and sino-orbital aspergillosis present subacutely and are often misdiagnosed. Mucormycosis classically presents with rhinocerebral disease in diabetic patients with ketoacidosis, whereas pulmonary infection mimics invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and occurs mostly in patients who are neutropenic. Cryptococcal meningitis in the older patient may manifest simply as confusion. Amphotericin B is the preferred initial treatment for all three fungal infections.     

The future of behavior therapy.

Predicts the future of behavior therapy, focusing on theoretical development, therapeutic techniques, and empirical research. The importance of cognitive and affective processes in behavior change will attract increasing attention. Already one of the most widely adopted approaches, behavior therapy will be used to treat an expanded range of psychiatric disorders and health problems. Research will focus on comparative outcome studies and provide probes for investigating the nature of specific disorders and the mechanisms of therapeutic change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MR monitoring of focused ultrasonic surgery of renal cortex: experimental and simulation studies

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided and -monitored noninvasive ultrasonic surgery can be performed in highly perfused tissues from outside the body. A simulation study was performed to evaluate the optimal sonication parameters. An MR-compatible positioning device was then used to manipulate a focused ultrasound transducer in an MR imager, which was used to sonicate kidneys of five rabbits at various power levels and different durations. Temperature elevation during sonication was monitored with a T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo sequence. The simulation study demonstrated that a sharply focused transducer and relatively short sonication times (30 seconds or less) are necessary to prevent damage to the overlying skin and muscle tissue, which have a much lower blood perfusion rate than kidney. The experiments showed that the imaging sequence was sensitive enough to show temperature elevation during sonication, thereby indicating the location of the beam focus. Histologic evaluations showed that kidney necrosis could be consistently induced without damage to overlying skin and muscle. The study demonstrated that highly perfused tissues such as the renal cortex can be coagulated from outside the body with focused ultrasound and that MR imaging can be used to guide and monitor this surgery.