HeS‐CoP: Heuristic switch‐controller placement scheme for distributed SDN controllers in data center networks

Software‐defined networking (SDN) has been widely researched and used to manage large‐scale networks such as data center networks (DCNs). An early stage of SDN controller experienced low responsiveness, low scalability, and low reliability. To solve these problems, distributed SDN controllers have been proposed. The concept of distributed SDN controllers distributes control messages among multiple SDN controllers. However, distributed SDN controllers must assign a master controller for each networking devices. Most previous studies, however, did not consider the characteristics of DCNs. Thus, they are not suitable to operate in DCNs. In this paper, we propose HeS‐CoP, a heuristic switch‐controller placement scheme for distributed SDN controllers in DCNs. With the control traffic load and CPU load, HeS‐CoP decides when our scheme should be performed in DCNs. To show the feasibility of HeS‐CoP, we designed and implemented an orchestrator that contains our proposed scheme and then evaluated our proposed scheme. As a result, our proposed scheme well distributes the control traffic load, decreases the average CPU load, and reduces the packet delay.     

Enhanced efficiency of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) by control of laser imaging condition

Laser Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI) is a laser addressed thermal patterning technology with unique advantages such as excellent uniformity of transfer film thickness, capability of multilayer stack transfer, high resolution and scalability to large-size mother glass. However, the deterioration of the device performance during imaging process has been an obstacle to use it as a commercial technology. To investigate a possibility of thermal deformation of organic materials as a transfer layer and a receptor layer during imaging process, we executed a preliminary annealing test by using standard green devices at various temperatures. By comparison of these results with those obtained from LITI devices, we found that the main reason of device deterioration could be originated from the mobility change of the organic layers. Hence, we developed the dwell time control technology to suppress the thermal impact during LITI process and we finally obtained current efficiency which is quite equivalent to that obtained from the standard evaporation devices.     

A Fast Computation Method in Frequency Domain for Power Ground Plane Impedance Calculation Using the Mobius Transform

A new method to reduce the computation time in power/ground-plane analysis is proposed. The proposed method is based on an approximation of impedance in the frequency domain using Mobius transform. The power/ground plane impedance is transformed by Mobius transform and is more linear than the raw impedance, which ensures that a simple approximation is possible. After the approximation, an inverse Mobius transform is applied to predict the power/ground plane impedance. This method displays the high speed of computing with good accuracy. In the case of impedance calculation for a 17.78 cm times 10.16 cm printed circuit board (PCB) board, the proposed method has shown to be 12 times faster than conventional methods. This method can be applied to the analysis and design of power/ground-plane where complex computation is needed.     

An alternative interpretation of hot electron interface degradationin NMOSFETs: isotope results irreconcilable with major defect generationby holes?

The giant deuterium isotope effect found previously for NMOS hot electron degradation is applied to study defect generation at the Si-SiO ₂ interface. The data suggest that interface defects related to hydrogen depassivation may be generated directly by channel hot electrons bombarding the interface without the necessity of injection into the oxide. This is in contrast to the standard teaching that energetic holes, created by impact ionization, and injected into the oxide are the main cause for hydrogen-related defect generation at the Si-SiO₂ interfaces     

A flexible and highly sensitive strain-gauge sensor using reversible interlocking of nanofibres

Flexible skin-attachable strain-gauge sensors are an essential component in the development of artificial systems that can mimic the complex characteristics of the human skin. In general, such sensors contain a number of circuits or complex layered matrix arrays. Here, we present a simple architecture for a flexible and highly sensitive strain sensor that enables the detection of pressure, shear and torsion. The device is based on two interlocked arrays of high-aspect-ratio Pt-coated polymeric nanofibres that are supported on thin polydimethylsiloxane layers. When different sensing stimuli are applied, the degree of interconnection and the electrical resistance of the sensor changes in a reversible, directional manner with specific, discernible strain-gauge factors. The sensor response is highly repeatable and reproducible up to 10,000 cycles with excellent on/off switching behaviour. We show that the sensor can be used to monitor signals ranging from human heartbeats to the impact of a bouncing water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface.     

On the possible role of brain protein synthesis in functional barbiturate tolerance

Pentobarbital pellet implantation increased more than 200% the ED50 dose of pentobarbital required to induce loss of the righting reflex within 2 min of i.p. injection and increased the onset of barbital-induced sleep. Both tests of functional barbiturate tolerance were blocked by the intraventricular injection of cycloheximide. The effects of acute (45 mg/kg i.p.) and chronic (pellet implantation) pentobarbital treatment on the incorporation of 3/-lysine into the protein of various subcellular fractions of the cortex and subcortex were studied. In the subcortex, chronic pentobarbital treatment significantly stimulated protein synthesis 40-50% in the microsomal, soluble and mitochondrial fractions. Both acute and chronic pentobarbital treatments significantly increased (3H-lys)-protein accumulation in a fraction of synaptic plasma membranes derived from a population of nerve ending particles (NEP) enriched in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The possible significance of these data to pentobarbital tolerance and dependence development is discussed.     

Healing of deep venous thrombosis: venographic findings in a randomized study comparing streptokinase and heparin

Sequential ascending venographic studies were used to assess the healing of deep venous thrombosis in 50 patients randomly assigned to streptokinase or heparin therapy. Various degrees of thrombolysis and/or recanalization were demonstrated by venograms performed on the fourth and tenth days of treatment. Late follow-up studies (mean, 7 months after treatment) showed three basic patterns of resolution: (1) return to normal, (2) complete recanalization, and (3) incomplete recanalization and/or collateralization. Loss of valves or their function was associated with recanalization. The character, speed, and outcome of healing reflected the nature and extent of thrombosis, prior thrombotic disease in the extremity, and the type and timing of treatment. Streptokinase was highly effective and preferable to heparin in patients with deep vein thrombosis when therapy was begun within 4 days of onset of symptoms. In later stages of acute or recurrent deep vein thrombosis, the effectiveness of both drugs was significantly reduced.