Synthesis of highly conjugated poly(3,9-carbazolyleneethynylenearylene)s emitting variously colored fluorescence

Novel conjugated polymers P1–P7 containing 3,9-linked carbazole units in the main chain were synthesized by the polycondensation of 3-ethynyl-9-(4-ethynylphenyl)carbazole (EEPCz) and dihaloarenes, and their optical and electrical properties were studied. Polymers with weight-average molecular weights of 4100–48,000 were obtained in 24–92% yields by the Sonogashira coupling polycondensation in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/Et₃N at 30 or 50 °C for 48 h. All the polymers absorbed light around 350 nm. The polymers with electron-accepter units exhibited absorption bands originating from charge transfer. The polymers except the one containing azobenzenes emitted variously colored fluorescence with moderate quantum yields upon excitation at the absorption maxima. P1–P3 were oxidized around 0.6 V, and then reduced around 0.5 V. The conductivity of P3 was 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ S/cm at 10³ V/cm.     

Potentiometric and polarographic studies of cadmium(II) complexes with tetraethylenepentamineheptaacetic acid

Stability constants for cadmium(II) complexes with tetraethylenepentamineheptaacetic acid (TPHA, H₇L) were determined by the pH titration method. In an aqueous solution (μ = 0.1), three complex species, CdH₂L, CdHL and CdL are confirmed. The structure of uninuclear complexes are discussed. The formation constants of the complexes stated above have been calculated as follows (at 25 ± 0.1°C): log K_CdL = 15.35, log K_CdHL = 13.33 and log K_CdH2L = 7.89. The polarographic behaviour of the cadmium(II) in the presence of TPHA was studied over the pH range 3–5. Mechanisms of the electrode processes were elucidated and electrochemical kinetic parameters were evaluated from dependence of the half-wave potentials on the hydrogen ion and TPHA concentration. In the presence of an excess of TPHA, the wave B is assigned to the irreversible reductions of the complex, CdH₂L^3? (pH range 3–4) or CdHL^4? (pH range 4–5). The electrode reaction can be written:

and

Where k_e (the rate constant) = 2.3 × 10^?2 cm s^?1 and k′_e = 1.59 × 10^?4 cm s^?1. The other polarographic methods were also used in the elucidation of the electrode process.     

分散助剂在大金GK系四氟树脂涂料中的应用

颜料在漆基中的润湿和分散对涂料的性能有着重要的影响.在大金公司ZEFFLE GK系(GK-570和GK-510)交联型四氟树脂涂料中应用BYK分散助剂,可以制备分散和贮存性能优异的单色浆,并有效解决复色漆抗浮色发花的现象.     

The Combination of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Synergistically Increases Reactive Carbonyl Species in Human Male Plasma

Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases. Although it has been reported that the combination of these habits worsens risks, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) cause chemical modifications of biological molecules, leading to alterations in cellular signaling pathways, and total RCS levels have been used as a lipid peroxidation marker linked to lifestyle-related diseases. In this study, at least 41 types of RCS were identified in the lipophilic fraction of plasma samples from 40 subjects using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). Higher levels of 10 alkanals, 5 trans-2-alkenals, 1 cis-4-alkenal, and 3 alkadienals were detected in the smoking/drinking group (N = 10) as compared to those with either habit (N = 10 each) or without both habits (N = 10) in the analysis of covariances adjusted for age and BMI. The levels of 3 alkanals, 1 trans-2-alkenal, 1 alkadienal, and 1 4-hydroxy-2-alkenal in the smoking/drinking group were significantly higher than those in the no-smoking/drinking and no-smoking/no-drinking groups. These results strongly indicate that the combination of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking synergistically increases the level and variety of RCS in the circulating blood, and may further jeopardize cellular function.     

Liquid crystal polarization-converting devices for edge and corner extractions of images using optical wavelet transforms

Optical properties of radially polarized light generated by liquid crystal (LC) polarization-converting devices with two LC molecular orientations (+/-180 degrees and +/-90 degrees twist modes) are measured and the applicability to optical wavelet transforms (WTs) are discussed. It is found that the radially polarized lights in both the +/-180 degrees and +/-90 degrees twist modes can be regarded as wavelets. Based on the principle of WT, feature extractions of a simple binary image are carried out by applying the LC polarization-converting device to a shadow-casting system. Unique feature extraction properties of the shadow-casting system using the LC polarization-converting device and a LC microlens array are discussed. It is experimentally confirmed that edge and corner features are successfully extracted using the LC polarization-converting device with +/-180 degrees and +/-90 degrees twist modes, respectively.     

贯流风机的试验研究

研究了各种不同的贯流风机外壳对风机气动性能的影响，讨论了与风机性能有关的几个主要几何参数。     

Large-scale underpinning for an underground urban railway station

In many cases, a new railway line is planned beneath existing structures of an urban terminal station. The underpinning method has been developed to respond to such needs. However, this conventional method involves a number of steps and is costly and time-consuming. The steps are: (1) Constructing the cast-in-situ diaphragm walls to keep off the underground water; (2) Supporting the existing structures with the cast-in-situ piles; (3) Excavating the soil under the existing structures; (4) Constructing structures for the new railway; (5) Transferring the loads of the existing structures from the temporary piles onto the newly constructed structure; and (6) Removing the temporary piles. In introducing a new subway line beneath Nagoya station, which is one of the major terminals in Japan, the Central Japan Railway Company made use of temporary structures, cast-in-situ diaphragm walls and piles, as elements of the new structures adopting new measures to increase the accuracy of underground construction. It is suggested that this method can save considerable construction time and cost.     

Socio-technological impact analysis using an energy IO approach to GHG emissions issues in South Korea

Through energy input–output (E-IO) analyses from 1985 to 2005, the changes in three factors affecting GHG emissions in South Korea were analyzed. Based on the E-IO results, the changes in the direct and total (embodied) GHG emissions from the pertinent sectors were decomposed into three factors—the energy consumption effect, the social effect, and the technological effect—using the Sato-Vartia index for the three periods of 1985–1995, 1995–2000, and 2000–2005. The decomposition analysis demonstrated that a total emission matrix including both direct and indirect GHG emissions showed an evolution pattern that was very similar to the changes in direct GHG emissions; however, ripple effects were observed in the case of emissions from sector #-59 (Synthetic resins, synthetic rubber-p). The results showed that national energy policies such as those pertaining to the diversification of energy sources, shifts in the energy consumption structure (social effect), and the transformation to a low-carbon energy economy (technology effect) were effective. Finally, several limitations of the Divisia decomposition analysis were pointed out.     

Advanced energy saving in distillation process with self-heat recuperation technology

In the distillation process, heat is supplied at a feed heater and a reboiler, and an overhead stream is cooled at a condenser. Almost all of the supplied heat at the reboiler in the conventional distillation process is discarded in the overhead condenser. Conventional energy savings of the distillation processes were fundamentally attained as a result of heat recovery duty in the feed heater being maximized by using the heat of the bottom stream, which enabled the utility (steam or hot oil) rate to the feed heater to be reduced. To achieve further energy saving in the distillation process, “self-heat recuperation technology” (SHRT) was adopted. In this technology, two compressors are installed in the overhead vapor line, which consists of the reflux and the overhead product streams. A compressor (compressor-1) treats the reflux stream and the other compressor (compressor-2) treats the overhead stream. The reboiler duty is supplied by the recuperated heat of the discharged stream from compressor-1 and the feed heater duty is supplied by that from compressor-2, by adiabatic compressions. It could be found that the advanced process with SHRT was able to reduce the energy consumption significantly by using the recuperated heat of the overhead vapor.