Effects of Working Fluid,Tubeside Enhancement and Bundle Depth on the Optimized Fin Geometry of a Horizontal Condenser Tube

A theoretical study has been made to optimize the fin geometry of a horizontal finned tube which is to be usedfor condensers that handle the vapor load of a liquid phase change cooling module.Systematic numerical calcu-lations of the vapor to coolant heat transfer have been performed for parametric values of fin height,fin spacing,vertical bundle depth and tubeside heat transfer coefficient.Three dielectric fluids (R-113,FC-72,and FC-87)at atmospheric pressure were selected as the working fluids.For a single tube with optimized fin geometry,theaverage heat flux increased in the order of FC-87,R-113 and FC-72.Both the optimum fin height and optimumfin spacing increased with increasing vertical bundle depth.     

论东西伯利亚油气无机生成的可能性

目前，世界上仍根据油气有机生成说（沉积-运移）对油气进行预测和勘探。但近年来出现了越来越多的热力学、地球化学、地球物理学和地质学资料证实，可能存在着地幔生成的烃类（B．C．祖布科夫，2000）。这些具有定量特征的资料确保了油气有机成因说的科学性。本文并不涉及油气成因2种基本学说的争论，而是以东西伯利亚（西伯利亚地台的涅普斯克-鲍图奥宾台背斜及其周围不同年代的大陆裂谷）为例，分析油气无机成因的标志并关注改变该地区油气资源勘探战略的合理性。     

"即连即铸"的奥钢联连铸技术

1前言 生产率和作业率方面的收益以及可能性调整的灵活性是提高钢铁工业竞争力的关键因素.     

以太网的工业化

交换机、路由器、集线器、网关、连接器和其它以太网硬件已经被强化,以适应严酷的工业环境要求工业以太网硬件可以无需外壳直接使用于厂区和车间内,这意味着更短的电缆和更简单的分布式结构(而不是集中式结构),以及比商用交换机、路由器、集线器和连接器更高的可靠性。符合工业等级(NEMA 4x或     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TTTANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs （OM）. The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm/s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm^-2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2 and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80μm, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

用辅以微信息处理机的热分析法检测铸铝合金质量

一种不需进行常规金相检验而用冷却曲线分析的新技术,已被福特公司开发并在生产中用于现场快速监控Essex铝-硅合金熔体。从含有不同原始铝晶粒和共晶硅熔体得到的冷却曲线利用微处理机进行数学分析。这种新技术通过冷却曲线进行微分及随后进行的相变区域积分这两种数学运算,得到监控熔体质量的峰值读数。一旦确立了足够的峰值读数与组织的关系,则可在不取金相试样的情况下预测任何熔体的铸造组织。     

硅压力传感器的应力隔离封装

<正> 当封装压力传感器时,由于传感器芯片和管壳材料之间热膨胀系数的差别,在封接部位引入应力。这一封装应力引起传感器芯片硅膜     

聚丙烯酰胺阳离子改性物的制取

<正> 水溶性聚合化合物在选煤厂应用甚广。适量的聚合物溶液加入悬浮液中,经短时间的强烈搅拌,悬浮液的物理化学性质就会发生定向的变化,从而使工艺用水的净化过程得以明显强化,保证了循环水