Limonoids and Flavonoids in Juices of Oroblanco and Melogold Grapefruit Hybrids

Oroblanco and Melogold are hybrids obtained from pummelo and grapefruit. Limonoids and flavonoids in both juices were analyzed. Oroblanco and Melogold juices contained low concentrations of limonoid glucosides, an average of 99 and 59 ppm, respectively. However, they contained relatively high concentrations of bitter limonoid aglycones, limonin and nomilin, at levels above the limonin bitterness threshold. For comparison, limonoid glucosides in juices of grapefruit, another pummelo hybrid, were also analyzed. Limonin glucoside was the major limonoid glucoside in all juices analyzed. Nomilin glucoside and nomilinic acid glucosides were also present. Oroblanco and Melogold juices contained bitter flavonoids normally found in grapefruit and pummelo including naringin, neohesperidin and poncerin in total amount of 440 ppm in Oroblanco juice and 495 ppm in Melogold juice. They also contained several other nonbitter flavonoids found in grapefruit.     

广州城乡老年人住宅夏季室内环境调查与实测

广州夏季高温高湿,基于广州城乡老年人的室内环境差异,通过问卷调查了解了116 名广州城乡老年人的室内居住环境, 并对5 户典型城市及5 户典型农村65 岁以上居民住宅的夏季室内环境进行了对比实测研究,测量每户住宅的客厅,卧室和卫 生间的温度、相对湿度及CO2、CO、PM2.5、挥发性有机物浓度。研究表明,广州农村住户夏季主要使用风扇降温,仅有约三 分之一住户同时使用空调,而城市住户均使用空调,大部分住户同时使用风扇;广州农村住户夏季室内平均空气温度比城市住 户低0.8 ℃,平均相对湿度比城市住户高21.6%;通风较差的住户室内CO2 浓度相对较高,所有实测城市及农村住户的CO、 PM2.5 的浓度都低于国家标准规定的极限值;广州城市住户的室内外PM2.5 浓度及室内总挥发性有机物的浓度总体高于农村住户。 广州农村老年人住宅应加强防潮处理,城市老年人住宅应加强通风换气,优选环保家具。     

Polygalacturonase Content of Dates and Its Relation to Maturity and Softness

SUMMARY: The changes in polygalacturonase (PG) activity during ripening and the relationship between its activity and the quality of Deglet Noor dates were studied. PG activity, which was virtually absent at the green stage, began to develop as maturity progressed. The greatest part of the development occurred at the late red stage and activity reached its maximum when the fruits commenced softening. Among the four grades of dates used in this study the activity was highest with natural, followed by waxy, number 1 dry and number 2 dry grades. The dates contained 0.9-1.3 units of PG per g of fresh tissue. The results of chemical and physical analyses related to the texture are also reported.     

Nondestructive Methods for Identifying Injury to Vapor Heat-Treated Papaya

Polygalacturonase, a softening enzyme, influenced the development of physiologically injured fruit treated with vapor heat. Development of a nondestructive method to identify injured fruit was studied. X-ray computed tomography (CT), and ¹H-MRI, applied in the medical profession and for food analyses, were investigated for this purpose. Results showed that the X-ray CT, image analyses of the MRI differentiated between normal and injured fruit. The possibility of developing a nondestructive analysis using this technology is suggested.     

日本电镀技术的发展

简要介绍了1950年以前日本电镀技术及电镀工业的发展概况，1950年后，由于引进了先进的电镀技术，材料，设备并随着汽车和电子工业的发展，带动了日本电镀工业的发展，叙述了含金电镀、复合电镀、脉冲电镀和化学镀等科研成果及其使用情况。     

放射性廃棄物量を低減するための低放射化材料の開発(英文)

原子炉などの施設が寿命を迎えると莫大な量の放射性廃棄物が発生する.であるのであらかじめ設計段階から廃棄物が出ないようなプランが必要である.その方法は(1)セメント·骨材·鉄筋などのマテリアルデータベース、(2)データベースに基いた低放射化セメント·鉄筋などの製造·採用、(3)原子炉遮蔽壁などへの施工·解体の最適化から生まれる.低放射化骨材·セメント·混和材量により低放射化コンクリートは可能になる.それらを適切に組み合わせることにより、従来型の原子炉壁使用コンクリートの1/10,1/20,1/30,...,1/1000,1/3000,1/10 000の低放射化が計れる.1/10,の低放射化とは仮想安山岩を骨材とした普通コンクリートをベースに計算される.そしてこれらは改良型BWRあるいはPWR原子炉用コンクリートに用いた場合、解体時のクリアランスレベル以下に廃棄物をすることが期待される.低放射化コンクリートを製造するために肝心なことは、放射化しやすい核種を含まないことであり、それは低放射化セメントや石灰石骨材を用いたり、高炉スラグや石炭灰を用いないことである.放射化しやすい各種とはEuとCoである.