Effect of heart failure on muscle capillary geometry: implications for 02 exchange

There is strong evidence that chronic heart chronic heart failure (CHF) impairs skeletal muscle function independent of blood flow and bulk O2 delivery. Purpose: This investigation sought to determine whether alterations in muscle capillary geometry and surface area that are thought to be primary determinants of the efficacy for blood-tissue 02 exchange might be altered in CHF and contribute to these changes. Methods: Plantaris (fast twitch) and soleus (slow twitch) muscles from control (C) and 6- to 7-wk post myocardial infarcted (CHF) rates were perfusion-fixed in situ. These muscles were analyzed using morphometric techniques that facilitated determination of muscle sarcomere length fiber cross-sectional area, capillary tortuosity and branching coefficient (c(K,0)), capillary length, volume, and surface area. Results: Normalized to a sarcomere length of 2.1 microns, plantaris fiber cross-sectional area decreased by 21% (P < 0.05), and capillary-to-fiber ratio decreased from 2.05 +2- 0.07 in C to 1.79 +2- 0.04 (P < 0.05) in CHF, but these variables were unchanged in soleus. These was no change in c(K,0) or capillary diameter in either muscle, and thus capillary length and surface area per fiber volume remained unchanged. From the measured fiber atrophy and capillary involution in plantaris reductions of total muscle capillary length, volume, and surface area of 11%, 9% and 17%, respectively, are estimated. Conclusion: These changes, coupled with reduced blood flow may impair the effective matching of muscle fiber 02 delivery to 02 requirement during repeated muscle contractions (i.e. exercise). The scenario is expected to reduce intramyocyte 02 partial pressure and thereby contribute to the greater fatigability characteristic of the CHF condition.     

Sensitivity of B- and C-DNA forms to modifications by O-methylhydroxylamine

Effects of high concentrations of lithium, cesium and ammonium chlorides on the reaction ability of free CMP and cytosine in free DNA of CD phage with respect to O-methylhydroxylamine (OMHA) are studied. CMP reaction in all the cases takes place mainly for 24 hours. Like classical B-form, native DNA, having C-form in high ionic strength solution (as estimated from circular dichroism data), is not modificated. Thus, the access of some cytosine residues in intraphage DNA to OMHA is due not to the decreased DNA hydratation in situ, but to the presence of differently ordered regions in DNA.     

Change in the metabolism and toxic effect of benz(a)pyrene by its metabolites and a series of phenols

Effects of some phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives on benz(a)-pyrene metabolism have been studied in the microsomal system isolated from the mouse embryonic cell cultures. The rate of benz(a)pyrene metabolism was shown to depend on the structure and concentration of the agents added. The toxic effect of benz(a)pyrene was summed up with that of either agent studied (except ionol) added simultaneously to the cell culture.     

Age-dependent U-shaped risk functions and Aalen's additive risk model

Epidemiologic studies of time to some failure often show a quadratic relation between the risk of failure and covariate(s). We study the nadir for a given covariate, i.e., the value of the covariate associated with the lowest risk (supposing a U-shape), within Aalen's additive risk model. This model was applied since the effect of the covariate(s) is allowed to vary over time and, as a consequence, a given nadir can vary over time. We propose a test for the null hypothesis that the nadir is time independent and, if this is the case, an estimate of the nadir. Large sample properties of the test statistic and estimator are derived. The methods are illustrated with data where time to death is related to body mass index.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法分析三沟白酒香气成分

目的 采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对三沟白酒香气成分进行分析。方法 对10批三沟白酒样品经前处理后,应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各组分的相对含量。结果 分离并鉴定了49种微量物质,包括18 种酯类成分,占所有香气物质的64.71 %;9 种酸类成分,占28.09%;15 种醇类成分,占5.04 %;4 种醛类成分,占1.82 %;2 种酮类成分占0.28%;和1 种烷烃类成分占0.06 %。相对含量较高的化合物有己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、、丁酸乙酯己酸、乙酸、丁酸、乙缩醛、异戊醇和正丁醇。结论 所含主要相对含量较高的化合物,合计占总香气成分的94.16%,构成了三沟白酒主要香气成分。     

35克素牛排单片重量控制方案探究

目的探究制定公司畅销产品大豆蛋白类食品35克素牛排的重量控制方案。方法研发人员通过查阅相关资料、采集生产与管理人员的意见、跟踪生产全程等手段获取实验方向,并通过小实验改变工艺条件和生产试验进一步验证工艺条件,探寻出了35克素牛排在生产过程中的重量变化规律、重量不稳定的主要原因及改进措施。结果 35克素牛排的单片重量与产品卤制工序呈影响极显著,与原材料重量、油炸工序差异显著。结论原材料控制在11克以上,油炸时间2分钟,最佳卤制时间10分钟,产品的单片重量合格率提高到90%以上。     

液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定花茶中5种吡咯里西啶类生物碱

目的 建立液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS) 同时测定花茶中5种吡咯里西啶类生物碱含量的分析方法。方法 将花茶样品均质粉碎后, 经0.1%甲酸水溶液浸泡, 涡旋, 超声提取, 高速离心后取上清液过固相萃取柱, 洗脱液氮吹吹干后用流动相复溶, 经ZORBAX Eclipse PLUS C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm)分离, 以0.1%甲酸溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 流速为0.30 mL/min, 柱温为30 ℃, 多反应监测模式测定, 外标法定量。结果 该方法线性关系良好, 相关系数为0.997~0.998; 方法的检出限(S/N=3)为3~5 μg/kg、定量限(S/N=10)为10~15 μg/kg; 在15、30、150 μg/kg添加水平下的平均回收率为89.69%~102.12%, 相对标准偏差为0.3%~5.4%。结论 该方法样品前处理简单快速、萃取效果好、灵敏度和选择性高, 适用于常规检测。     

金银花乳酸菌饮料加工工艺研究

[目的]研究具有营养保健功能的金银花乳酸菌饮料的加工工艺和配方,旨在为该饮料的工业化生产提供技术参考。[方法]通过正交试验确定了金银花乳酸菌饮料的最佳配方;同时选用耐酸CMC-Na、黄原胶和果胶3种稳定剂进行复配,采用正交试验,以沉淀率为指标,确定3种稳定剂的最佳添加量配比。[结果]金银花乳酸菌饮料最佳配方:酸乳35%、金银花汁15%、蔗糖5%、阿斯巴甜0.025%,此时饮料的口感及综合品质最佳;采用复合稳定剂可大大提高金银花乳酸菌饮料的稳定效果,当耐酸CMC-Na、黄原胶、果胶的添加量分别为0.1%、0.1%、0.15%时,饮料的稳定性最好。[结论]通过以上试验研究,可得到具有独特风味的高质量的金银花乳酸菌饮料。     

不同发酵条件对草莓果酒品质的影响

以新鲜草莓为原料,将草莓经过预处理之后,用果胶酶酶解提取草莓汁,然后将草莓汁的糖浓度调到18%,对其进行发酵酿酒。通过单因素试验研究主发酵温度、酿酒酵母添加量、偏重亚硫酸钾添加量对草莓果酒品质的影响,在此基础上通过正交试验确定了草莓果酒的最佳加工工艺参数。试验结果表明:发酵温度、酵母添加量和偏重亚硫酸钾添加量都能影响果酒的感官品质,其中发酵温度的影响最为显著。通过正交试验可知,在草莓汁中添加0.06%酿酒酵母0,.004%偏重亚硫酸钾,在温度为20℃的条件下发酵7d可得到果香浓郁、色泽金黄、澄清透明的草莓果酒。