Kinetic Studies of Eutectoid Decomposition of CuFe5O8

The kinetics and mechanism of eutectoid decomposition of CuFe₅O₈ were studied by X-ray diffractometer, electron probe microanalyzer, and reflecting-light microscope techniques. The isothermal decomposition curves were sigmoidal and the maximum rate of decomposition occurred at ∼600°C. Sigmoidal-type curves indicated that the decomposition proceeded by a process of nucleation and growth. Kinetic data were best expressed by Avrami's equation with n≃2 and n≃4 below and above 850°C, respectively. A "site saturation" mechanism is suggested. Bainite-type and pearlite-type microstructures were observed below and above 800°C, respectively. Grain boundaries were active sites in the nucleation process.     

Effects of Thermal Treatment on Radical-scavenging Activity of Single and Mixed Polyphenolic Compounds

ABSTRACT: Rutin, luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside, and chlorogenic acid gradually decomposed during heating at 100°C. Even though they rapidly decomposed at 180°C, some decomposition products still had radical-scavenging activity. When rutin was heated in the presence of chlorogenic acid, decomposition of rutin was almost totally inhibited at 100°C, but was reduced at 180°C. These results suggest that the radical-scavenging activity is more stable than the content of original polyphenolic compounds in foods during cooking and processing.     

Al_4O_4C的碳热还原合成及其反应动力学

以氧化铝(Al2O3)和石墨(C)为原料,采用碳热还原工艺合成铝氧碳(Al4O4C),借助于X射线衍射仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜研究了加热温度和保温时间对合成铝氧碳(Al4O4C)的影响。结果表明:提高加热温度,可加快Al2O3和C反应生成Al4O4C的反应速率;延长保温时间可增大Al2O3和C反应生成Al4O4C的反应程度。在反应初期主要为固-固反应,Al2O3和C直接接触反应生成Al4O4C和一氧化碳(CO);后期主要为气-固反应,Al2O3和CO气体反应生成Al4O4C和二氧化碳(CO2)。计算得到气-固反应的频率因子和活化能分别为338.66和264.19kJ/mol。     

High-Temperature Reaction Between Cemented Tungsten Carbide and Copper

Interdiffusion in the system cemented tungsten carbide-molten copper has been studied in the range ≤1120°C with special emphasis on the effects of WC grain size and Co content. Techniques used for analyzing the diffusion layers obtained are EPMA, optical microscopy, and microhardness measurement. A Cu-bonded WC layer develops with simultaneous diffusion of Co from the cemented carbide into the bulk copper. The Cu-bonded WC layer grows until a Co-rich layer forms at the Cu/WC-Co interface; further heating pushes the Cu-bonded WC layer deep into the bulk cemented carbide without any significant change in layer thickness. When the WC grain size is reduced and the cobalt content increased, the penetration of copper into cemented carbides increases. A tentative mechanism of interdiffusion has been proposed based on the experimental results.     

SOME PROPERTIES OF MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS OBTAINED FROM LOW IONIC STRENGTH EXTRACTS OF WASHED MYOFIBRILS FROM PRE- AND POST-RIGOR CHICKEN PECTORAL MUSCLE

SUMMARY— Changes in extractability of the proteins associated with the fragmentation phenomenon of myofibrils in chicken pectoral muscle were studied. The results indicate that the protein fractions extracted by neutralized water from muscle residue. from which water-soluble proteins have been washed out, increase in post-rigor muscle. The extracts from pre- and post-rigor muscle were fractionated with ammonium sulfate into two fractions: the fraction precipitated by 1.7 M ammonium sulfate (Fr.1) and the supernatant (Fr. 2). Depressing effect on the onset of ATP-induced superprecipitation of trypsin-treated myosin 6 which was initially present in Fr. 2 from pre-rigor muscle decreased to a great extent in that from post-rigor muscle, whereas promotive effect on gelation of F-actin and superprecipitation of the myosin 6 which was little in Fr. 1 from pre-rigor muscle appeared in that from post-rigor muscle. It is proposed that an increasing amount of protein which indicates α-actinin activity is released along with the destruction and final dissolution of the Z-line structure during postmortem storage of chicken pectoral muscle.     

Crystallization of Hexagonal BaNb2O6

Pure hexagonal BaNb₂O₆ crystallizes at 640° to 700°C from an amorphous material prepared by simultaneous hydrolysis of barium and niobium alkoxides. The structure is characterized by layer networks of NbO₆ octahedra. Crystallization isotherms are described by the Avrami equation In (1—f) = -ktⁿ with n=2; the activation energy is 268 kJ-mol-'. Hexagonal BaNb₂O₆ transforms to the ortho-rhombic modification one at 12.50° to 1310°C.