接枝量对等离子体接枝聚异丙基丙烯酰胺开关的多孔膜的温度感应透过性的影响

The effect of graft yield on both the thermo-responsive hydraulic permeability and the thermo-respousive diffusional permeability through porous membranes with plasma-grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)gates was investigated. Both thermo-respousive flat membranes and core-shell microcapsule membranes with a wide range of graft yield of PNIPAM were prepared using a plasma-graft pore-filling polymerization method. The grafted PNIPAM was formed homogeneously throughout the entire thickness of both the fiat polyethylene membranes andthe microcapsule polyamide membranes. Both the hydraulic permeability and the diffusional permeability were heavily dependent on the PNIPAM graft yield. With increasing the graft yield, the hydraulic permeability (water flux) decreases rapidly at 25℃ because of the decrease of the pore size; however, the water flux at 40℃ increases firstly to a peak because of the increase of hydrophobicity of the pore surface, and then decreases and finally tends to zero because of the pore size becoming smaller and smaller. For the diffusional permeability, the temperature shows different effects on the diffusional permeability coefficients of solutes across the membranes. When the graft yield was low, the diffusional coefficient of solute across the membrane was higher at temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) than that below the LCST; however, when the graft yield was high, the diffusional coefficient was lower at temperature above the LCST than that below the LCST. It is very important to choose or design a proper graft yield of PNIPAM for obtaining a desired thermo-respousive “on/off“ hydraulic or ditfusional permeability.     

Al2O3纤维砂轮的开发及其磨削特性

细磨粒砂轮用于高精度磨削。然而,由于细磨粒具有较小的结合面积和强度,即使在正常的磨削条件下,磨粒易于从砂轮表面上脱落,导致加工精度与效率低下。近年来,由于Al2O3纤维具有优良的机械与物理化学性能如高强度、高弹性模量、耐磨损、耐高温氧化及耐酸、耐碱等,与基质材料具有良好的相容性,因而被广泛地用于FRP、FRC和FRM等的强化材料。A2O33纤维的平均直径和长度分别为3—5μm和数百μm,比相同直径的细磨粒具有较大的结合面积和强度。因此,1998年以来,日本山口胜美、洞口严教授和中国魏源迁教授使用Al2O3纤维替代磨粒作为磨料,与酚醛树脂结合剂结合,成功地开发了一种A12O3纤维砂轮,能克服磨粒砂轮的缺陷。该砂轮中的纤维排列方向与磨削面相垂直,纤维的端部可用作为切削刃,而且纤维砂轮比磨粒砂轮细密,使用纤维砂轮可实现干磨削和纳米加工。为了考察Al2O3纤维砂轮的磨削特性,本文对难加工材料如模具钢SKD11(HRC60)进行了大量的磨削试验,试验结果表明能获得纳米级加工表面(Ra2．1nm／Ry22nm)。     

Cold-spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Characterization of Biomolecules in Solution

A direct solution analysis method, coldspray ionization (CSI) mass spectrometry (MS)[1], a variant of electrospray (ESI) MS operating at low temperature (ca. - 80 ～ 10℃), allows facile and precise characterization of labile organic species, especially those in which non-covalent bonding interactions are prominent. We have applies this method to investigations of the solution structures of many labile organic species, including unstable reagents and reaction intermediates, asymmetric catalysts, supramolecules, and even primary biomolecules.     

Approximation of cascade connected and feedback structured systems by Mullis-Roberts approximation

A method for constructing a reduced-order model retaining the internal structure of original high-order cascade connected and feedback structured systems is derived by the Mullis-Roberts algorithm. The reduced-order model obtained here is the optimal approximation in the sense that it minimizes the curvilinear integral of the squared norm of an approximation error at the unit circle of the 2-plane. The algorithm for obtaining the reduced-order models is described. One feature of the proposed algorithm is that it is possible to compute reduced-order models of each subsystem independently. The stability of the reduced-order model is not always guaranteed. However, the results of numerical computations show that the reduced-order systems remain stable for almost all randomly selected examples and approximate the input-output behaviour of original systems fairly well.     

Design of optimal strongly stable digital control systems and application to output feedback control of mechanical systems

A new design method for an optimal digital series compensator is considered that is not produced by an optimal regulator incorporated with a state observer, but employs a new idea that assures total closed system optimality in one design step. However, the compensator so designed is not always stable, i.e. strong stability of the closed-loop system is not always guaranteed. For this case, the authors propose to use the inter-sample response to realize an optimal stable compensator and/or optimal output feedback control system. Especially when the given plant is a linearized mechanical system, such a strongly stable system can always be designed using only output data two samples prior to the current sample regardless of the system order and the parity interlacing property condition.     

The Synergistic Taste Effect of Monosodium Glutamate and Disodium 5'-Inosinate

SUMMARY— The synergistic phenomenon between the taste of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and disodium 5'-inosinate (IMP) [7.5 H₂O] was studied and the relationship expressed as a mathematical model. The phenomenon could be measured quantitatively by fitting the proposed model to the results of the experiment.
The concentration of MSG equivalent to the taste intensity of that given by the mixture of MSG and the ribonucleotide is represented by the following equation:
y = u +γuv
where y is the equivalent taste intensity of the mixture in terms of g/dl of MSG, u is equal to g/dl of MSG in the given mixture, v is equal to g/dl of sodium 5'-inosinate in the given mixture, and γ is a constant.
The γ value for IMP was calculated from extensive sensory testing as 1.218 × 10⁸.     

Three-level incentive schemes using follower's strategies in differential games

We deal with three-level incentive differential games in which first and second leaders have access not only to slate information but also to information on follower's strategies. We derive sufficient conditions for three-level incentive schemes using information on follower's strategies in both linear and non-linear differential games, and show that three-level incentive schemes using information on follower's strategies depend on an initial state value.     

Effect of Graft Yield on the Thermo-Responsive Permeability Through Porous Membranes with Plasma-Grafted Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)Gates

The effect of graft yield on both the thermo-responsive hydraulic permeability and the thermo-responsive diffusional permeability through porous membranes with plasma-grafted poly(AT-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gates was investigated. Both thermo-responsive flat membranes and core-shell microcapsule membranes with a wide range of graft yield of PNIPAM were prepared using a plasma-graft pore-filling polymerization method. The grafted PNIPAM was formed homogeneously throughout the entire thickness of both the flat polyethylene membranes and the microcapsule polyamide membranes. Both the hydraulic permeability and the diffusional permeability were heavily dependent on the PNIPAM graft yield. With increasing the graft yield, the hydraulic permeability (water flux) decreases rapidly at 25℃ because of the decrease of the pore size; however, the water flux at 40℃ increases firstly to a peak because of the increase of hydrophobicity of the pore surface, and then decreases and finally tends to zero because o     

A Hydrogen‐Storage Distributed Generation System Using Unitized Reversible Cells and Its Operational Scheme

Environmental issues such as global warming and depletion of natural energy resources are posing problems. Photovoltaic systems have been attracting attention as a form of renewable energy. The output power of a photovoltaic system changes sharply because solar radiation intensity and temperature vary with the weather. In conventional photovoltaic systems, the surplus power, excluding the power consumed in the load, flows back to the grid. Therefore, fluctuations in the output power of a photovoltaic system may have an adverse effect on the grid. This paper proposes a novel hydrogen‐storage distributed generation system using a unitized reversible cell that integrates a fuel cell and water electrolyzer to smooth reverse power flow. The hydrogen‐storage distributed generation system was modeled and a computer simulation was performed. Using two evaluation methods, the proposed system is shown to be effective at leveling power flow back to the grid.