Effect of UV-C irradiation on inactivation of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and quality parameters of roasted coffee bean (Coffea arabica L.)

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the antifungal effect of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on roasted coffee beans. Also, any changes in the quality of the roasted coffee beans were measured after UV-C irradiation. As UV-C irradiation time increased (0–2 h), the number of surviving A. flavus and A. parasiticus spores significantly (P < .05) decreased. The reduction values of A. flavus in round part, crack part, and whole roasted coffee beans were 2.16, 0.71, and 1.58 log₁₀ CFU g^?1, respectively, and the reduction values of A. parasiticus in round part, crack part, and whole roasted coffee beans were 1.03, 0.37, and 0.72 log₁₀ CFU g^?1, respectively, after 2 h of UV-C irradiation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of A. flavus and A. parasiticus spores included expanded wrinkles that were deformed by UV-C irradiation. The Hunter colours were significantly reduced (P < .05). There was no significant change (P > .05) in moisture content, but the pH was significantly decreased (P < .05). Most of the sensory parameters did not change, but there was a significant difference (P < .05) in flavour. Based on this study, 2 h of UV-C irradiation was effective in reducing 90% of A. flavus, but it was not effective against A. parasiticus present on roasted coffee beans. Also, Hunter colour, pH, and sensory parameters (flavour) were changed by UV-C irradiation.     

黄酮混合物体外抗氧化活性的相互作用

测定槲皮素、异槲皮素、杨梅素、山萘酚、儿茶素、表儿茶素、芹菜素、飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷等9种黄酮类化合物及其两两混合物的体外抗氧化活性,以研究黄酮混合物的协同、拮抗与加合作用。以DPPH清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力、总抗氧化性、还原能力为评价指标。结果表明,含有较多B环羟基的黄酮类化合物更易发生拮抗作用,可通过调节黄酮单品的比例减小混合物的拮抗作用或是增强其协同作用,不同反应机理的评价指标所得结果不同。     

Structural characterisation of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake and their antioxidant and antitumour activities

In this study, polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (TM-P) were purified using a DEAE-Sepharose fast flow column and three polysaccharide fractions (TM-P1, TM-P2 and TM-P3) were obtained. The chemical composition and structural characteristics of TM-P2 were quite different from those of TM-P1 and TM-P3. TM-P2 consisted of glucose, galactose and mannose with a molar ratio of 5.9:1.1:1.0. The glycosidic linkages were mainly composed of 1,6- and 1-linked glucose. Furthermore, TM-P2 showed the strongest in vitro antioxidant and antitumour activities. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of TM-P2 was 2100.44 μmol Trolox/g. The antiproliferative activities of TM-P2 (4.0 mg/ml) on the growth of HepG2 and A549 cells were 67.98% and 59.04%, respectively.     

黑曲霉菌丝体活力对α-L-鼠李糖苷酶发酵的影响

α-L-鼠李糖苷酶是工业上一种重要的水解酶。为了方便地优化和监控α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的发酵生产过程,在5 L发酵罐水平研究黑曲霉菌丝体活力与α-L-鼠李糖苷酶产量之间的关系,菌丝体活力采用TTC-脱氢酶法进行测定。实验结果表明,在发酵过程中维持适宜的菌丝体活力对α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的产量非常重要:当摇瓶种子菌丝体活力达到最大值0.388 U/mL时,对应的5 L发酵罐中α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的产量最大;控制发酵过程的pH恒定于5.5,可以有效延缓菌丝体活力下降速度,使α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的产量提高28.7%;当搅拌转速低于400r/min或通气量低于0.3 vvm时,发酵24～36 h的菌丝体活力大幅下降,α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的产量显著降低。因此,可以将菌丝体活力作为α-L-鼠李糖苷酶发酵工艺优化和生产过程控制中一项重要的监控参数。     

植物精油蒸气与空气负离子在食品保藏中的应用研究进展

植物精油属于GRAS物质,具有较高的安全性,将其应用到食品的防腐保鲜中可以减少化学合成抗菌剂对人体产生的不良影响。精油的蒸气形式可以在不与食品直接接触的情况下对多种细菌、霉菌和酵母产生抑制作用,其主要抑菌成分为单萜烯和醛类,通过疏水性作用于细胞达到抗菌效果。植物精油蒸气与食品包装相结合,可以降低精油对于食品感官的影响并为食品提供抑菌保护。空气负离子能提高精油蒸气对微生物细胞的破坏作用,高浓度的空气负离子还能抑制微生物的活性,将精油与空气负离子结合使用,可以把对食品品质的影响降到最低,并提供更好的抑菌效果。     

小麦面筋蛋白盐酸脱酰胺工艺优化及其酶解敏感性

文以小麦面筋蛋白为原料,优化了盐酸对小麦面筋蛋白的脱酰胺工艺,比较了最佳脱酰胺工艺下的小麦面筋蛋白在胰酶、风味蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶酶解过程中蛋白回收率和水解度的变化,并对其酶解36 h酶解液的自由基吸收能力(ORAC)抗氧化特性进行分析评价。研究结果表明,盐酸脱酰胺的工艺条件是:小麦面筋蛋白浓度为24%,0.30 mol/L的HCl,65℃,24 h脱酰胺;在该工艺条件下,胰酶酶解液蛋白回收率和水解度最高,酶解效果最好;高脱酰胺程度小麦面筋蛋白在胰酶酶解36h后酶解液的蛋白回收率和水解度高于低脱酰胺程度的酶解液;ORAC抗氧化特性分析表明高脱酰胺程度小麦面筋蛋白酶解液的ORAC值高于低脱酰胺程度的酶解液,其ORAC值最高为(689.67±10.22)μmol Trolox/g。     

我国食品安全监管中的公众参与研究

近年来,食品安全公众参与成为学者讨论的热门话题。文章就我国食品安全监管中公众参与的概念和意义进行了探讨,并深入分析我国食品安全监管中公众参与缺乏有效的反馈机制、公民维权成本高、政府惩罚力度和信息公开力度不够等问题,对此借鉴国外食品安全监管公众参与的经验,对我国食品安全公众参与提出了相关意见和建议。     

织物纬密度测量研究

在综合空域、频域在织物图像处理各自优缺点的基础上,提出了一种空域与频域相结合的自动测量织物纬密度的新方法.先在空域中提取代表织物纬纱的基元并得到其位置信息,经过区域形态学、直线拟合等连接孤立的基元得到织物纬线,进而粗略计算出纬斜角.计算相邻纬线间距和各纬线宽度得到粗略的纬密度值.以此精确定位频域纬线峰值点的位置得到织物的精确纬密度.实验证明该方法可以实现对高纬密度、多品种、纬斜织物纬密度的自动、快速且精确测量.     

防辐射纺织品屏蔽性能测试与评价

详述了目前我国防辐射织物和服装屏蔽性能的测试方法与评价标准,分析了其中存在的主要问题,并提出了解决建议。     

酱油制曲过程中蛋白质的降解规律研究

研究了酱油制曲过程中总氮含量、氮溶指数、氨基酸转化率、挥发性盐基氮含量及可溶性多肽分子量分布的变化规律;结果表明:豆粕曲和大豆曲的总氮含量、氮溶指数、氨基酸转化率均随培养时间的延长呈上升趋势,培养48h后,豆粕曲和大豆曲的总氮含量分别提高了15.89%和12.43%,豆粕曲和大豆曲的氮溶指数分别达到26.37%和34.45%;氨基酸转化率分别达到12.11%和16.00%,大曲的氨基酸转化率与氮溶指数呈明显正相关。不同培养时段的豆粕曲和大豆曲的肽分子量均以1000～5000u为主,制曲结束后,分别占肽总量的63.55%和67.62%。