Osteoblastoma of the foot and ankle

A total of 329 patients with osteoblastoma were retrospectively reviewed from the archives of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, of which 41 (12.5%) presented with tumors in the foot and ankle. This was the third most common site of disease after the spine and femur. Overall, the mean age was 22.5 years, which was the same for the foot and ankle subset of patients; however, there was a significant male predominance in foot and ankle patients compared with the whole group. The majority of patients were skeletally mature (85.4%). Clinically, most patients presented with pain (97.2%), although one-third of the total related a history of antecedent trauma. The interval between the onset of symptoms and biopsy was 84 days (range, 0-572 days). Radiographically, the majority of lesions were in the hindfoot (N = 18; 44%) of which 16 of 18 tumors (89%) were in the talus. Of these, one-half were subperiosteal and dorsally based and were associated with osseous tumor matrix and a soft tissue mass. Two osteoblastomas, both in the metatarsals, transitioned into sarcomas; the rest were histologically benign. For diagnostic purposes, it was essential to obtain clinical, radiographic, and histologic correlation.     

Bordetella avium virulence measured in vivo and in vitro

Bordetella avium causes an upper-respiratory-tract disease called bordetellosis in birds. Bordetellosis shares many of the clinical and histopathological features of disease caused in mammals by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. In this study we determined several parameters of infection in the domestic turkey, Meleagris galapavo, and compared these in vivo findings with an in vitro measure of adherence using turkey tracheal rings. In the in vivo experiments, we determined the effects of age, group size, infection duration, and interindividual spread of B. avium. Also, the effect of host genetic background on susceptibility was tested in the five major commercial turkey lines by infecting each with the parental B. avium strain and three B. avium insertion mutants. The mutant strains lacked either motility, the ability to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes, or the ability to produce dermonecrotic toxin. The susceptibilities of 1-day-old and 1-week-old turkeys to B. avium were the same, and challenge group size (5, 8, or 10 birds) had no effect upon the 50% infectious dose. Two weeks between inoculation and tracheal culture was optimal, since an avirulent mutant (unable to produce dermonecrotic toxin) persisted for a shorter time. Communicability of the B. avium parental strain between confined birds was modest, but a nonmotile mutant was less able to spread between birds. There were no host-associated differences in susceptibility to the parental strain and the three B. avium mutant strains just mentioned: in all turkey lines tested, the dermonecrotic toxin- and hemagglutination-negative mutants were avirulent whereas the nonmotile mutants showed no loss of virulence. Interestingly, the ability of a strain to cause disease in vivo correlated completely with its ability to adhere to ciliated tracheal cells in vitro.     

Teaching principles of behavior and equipment design for handling livestock

A course is described in which students are taught principles of livestock behavior and how an understanding of behavior can facilitate handling. Some of the principles that are covered in the course are livestock senses, flight zone, herd behavior during handling, and methods to reduce stress during handling. To teach problem solving and original thinking, the students design three different types of handling facilities. Design of restraint equipment and humane slaughter procedures are also covered. Both existing systems and ideas for future systems are discussed. Students are provided with information from both scientific studies and practical experience.     

Silicophosphates with an intersecting tunnel structure: AM3P6Si2O25 and AMo3P5.8Si2O25

Fourteen oxides with an original intersecting tunnel structure have been isolated; they correspond to the formula AM₃P₆Si₂O₂₅ and AMo₃P_5.8Si₂O₂₅ with A = K, Rb, T1, Cs and M = Ti, Mo, Sn. These compounds crystallize in the trigonal system, P31c or P3?1c with $\text{a}\text{? 8.3}\text{A}\text{?}$ and $\text{c}\text{? 17.3}\text{A}\text{?}$. The structure of the oxide KMo₃P_5.8Si₂O₂₅ has been established from a single crystal study, and compared to that of the rubidium and thallium compounds: the framework is built up from corner-sharing MoO₆ octahedra, PO₄ tetrahedra and Si₂O₇ groups forming tunnels which run along [100], [010] and [110]. The influence of the nature of the A ions and of the M ions on the structural properties of these phases is discussed.     

The role of drug use in a conceptual model of intimate partner violence in men and women arrested for domestic violence.

In a previous study, alcohol problems in perpetrators and their partners contributed directly and indirectly to intimate partner violence (IPV), even after including other correlates of violence in the model (G. L. Stuart et al., 2006). The present study extends these findings by examining the role of illicit drug use. We recruited 271 men and 135 women arrested for IPV and used structural equation modeling to examine the data. Results showed that drug use, as reported by the perpetrators, was a stronger predictor of IPV than were alcohol problems in perpetrators and their partners. Arrested males' marijuana use and stimulant use (i.e., cocaine and amphetamines) were associated with perpetration of IPV, and their report of their female partners' stimulant use was associated with her violence perpetration. In arrested women, specific substances used did not predict violence perpetration beyond other model variables; however, female perpetrators' report of male partners' stimulant use predicted male psychological and physical aggression, after controlling for other variables. These results provide further evidence that drug problems by both partners may be important in the evolution of aggression. Implications for batterer intervention programs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Food reinforcement, the dopamine D? receptor genotype, and energy intake in obese and nonobese humans: Erratum.

Reports an error in "Food reinforcement, the dopamine D? receptor genotype, and energy intake in obese and nonobese humans" by Leonard H. Epstein, Jennifer L. Temple, Brad J. Neaderhiser, Robbert J. Salis, Richard W. Erbe and John J. Leddy (Behavioral Neuroscience, 2007[Oct], Vol 121[5], 877-886). In the original article, the n values (and corresponding percentages) for the number of people with the A1/A1 & A1/A2 and A2/A2 genotypes were reversed in Table 2. The corrected table appears in the erratum, with the revised numbers appearing in bold font. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-13974-007.) The authors measured food reinforcement, polymorphisms of the dopamine D? receptor (DRD?) and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes, and laboratory energy intake in 29 obese and 45 nonobese humans 18-40 years old. Food reinforcement was greater in obese than in nonobese individuals, especially in obese individuals with the TaqI A1 allele. Energy intake was greater for individuals high in food reinforcement and greatest in those high in food reinforcement with the TaqI A1 allele. No effect of the DAT1 genotype was observed. These data show that individual differences in food reinforcement may be important for obesity and that the DRD? genotype may interact with food reinforcement to influence energy intake. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)