Tuning a hydrophilic nanobelt’s crystal lattice for interface-tailored nanocompositing with a hydrophobic polymer

Nanoblending hydrophilic nanofillers thoroughly into hydrophobic polymer matrices has long been challenging, especially if involving no pre-functionalization on a 1D ceramic nanomaterial. Here we report a facile approach to fine-tuning of sodium titanate (Na₂Ti₃O₇) nanobelt’s (NB) surface chemistry widely by exchanging the NB’s crystal lattice cations, for successfully nanoblending the low-cost and versatile NBs into the poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) or p(VBC) and the sulfonated form of pVBC’s [or sp(VBC)] matrixes. For the first time, the adjustable nanocompositing showed a long-sought workability in not only in situ radical polymerization of VBC monomer but also ex situ nanoblending of the p(VBC), with the NBs. The resultant nanocomposites possess an unusual surface versatility that can be tailored from being hydrophilic to being hydrophobic by design. This method concludes a generalized and industry-viable approach to mass-producing nanocomposites of many types facilely at low-cost, especially for large scale industries such as packaging materials.     

合肥地区生物滞留设施的合理构型和设计参数

在土壤渗透速率低、地下水位高的合肥市建造了3个构型和设计参数各异的生物滞留设施开展现场中试,考察设施的水文效应以及对径流的净化效果。借助经现场试验数据验证率定的RECARGA模型,结合当地的降雨特性选择适用于合肥地区的生物滞留设施构型和设计参数。研究表明,建有下排水系统的生物滞留设施的服务面积比宜取5%~7%,填料渗透速率宜取3~5cm/h,设施的表面储水区深度宜取15~20 cm,内部储水区的设置可以大幅削减排水管出流量。当地过低的原土渗透速率使得渗透型生物滞留设施的应用受到很大的限制。     

木质素磺酸钙提纯木质素及其表征

采用酸提纯法从木质素磺酸钙(木钙)中提纯了木质素,并通过元素分析、热重分析法、傅里叶红外光谱等手段对其进行了表征研究。结果表明:当反应体系温度为85℃且p H=3时,木质素产率达到最大值17.66%。提纯后木质素磺酸钙特有的S=O的伸缩振动振动峰消失,而木质素在2851 cm-1和2922 cm-1处出现了碳骨架上甲基、亚甲基中的C-H伸缩振动峰。提纯后木质素大分子结构发生降解反应,重均分子量为23180,数均分子量为10880,多分散系数为2.13。氮气环境下木质素主要的热降解发生在262~562℃之间,而在空气环境下主要热解温度范围为262~457℃,降解后质量残余量分别为50.40%和16.36%,空气中氧气的存在大大促进了木质素的热降解。     

Megasonic agitation for enhanced electrodeposition of copper

In this paper we propose an agitation method based on megasonic acoustic streaming to overcome the limitations in plating rate and uniformity of the metal deposits during the electroplating process. Megasonic agitation at a frequency of 1 MHz allows the reduction of the thickness of the Nernst diffusion layer to less than 600 nm. Two applications that demonstrate the benefits of megasonic acoustic streaming are presented: the formation of uniform ultra-fine pitch flip-chip bumps and the metallisation of high aspect ratio microvias. For the latter application, a multi-physics based numerical simulation is implemented to describe the hydrodynamics introduced by the acoustic waves as they travel inside the deep microvias.     

Development of an Improved Multi-Component Vaporization Model for Application in Oxygen-Enriched and EGR Conditions

An improved multi-component vaporization model was developed and applied to predict the vaporization characteristics of a fuel droplet under oxygen-enriched and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) conditions in this study. The model was constructed including an improved enthalpy diffusion sub-model, a corrected Stefan flow velocity, and temporal variation of thermal physical properties. The computational results were validated with the experimental data and satisfactory agreements between the predictions and measurements can be achieved. The effects of O₂, CO₂ concentration, and EGR on the vaporization rate of fuel droplet in various ambient temperature and pressure conditions were investigated.     

全断面采样装置的设计及问题的改进

介绍了鞍钢新建洗清煤全断面采样装置的工艺流程、设备概况；并对设备运行中存在的问题及改进措施作了详述。     

Stabilization of the Single-Chain Fragment Variable by an Interdomain Disulfide Bond and Its Effect on Antibody Affinity

The interdomain instability of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) might result in intermolecular aggregation and loss of function. In the present study, we stabilized H4—an anti-aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) scFv—with an interdomain disulfide bond and studied the effect of the disulfide bond on antibody affinity. With homology modeling and molecular docking, we designed a scFv containing an interdomain disulfide bond between the residues H44 and L100. The stability of scFv (H4) increased from a GdnHCl₅₀ of 2.4 M to 4.2 M after addition of the H44-L100 disulfide bond. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that the scFv (H44-L100) mutant existed primarily as a monomer, and no aggregates were detected. An affinity assay indicated that scFv (H4) and the scFv (H44-L100) mutant had similar IC₅₀ values and affinity to AFB₁. Our results indicate that interdomain disulfide bonds could stabilize scFv without affecting affinity.     

新型流化床在尿素8·13工程中的应用

在尿素 8·13工程技改方案中 ,成功采用新型流化床技术 ,解决造粒后瓶颈 ,提高产品质量及市场竞争力 ,效果良好