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71.
The paper discusses the postulated suspension force, by which it is possible to explain some enigmatic phenomena observed in different types of mass movements. This force is generated in thick suspensions as a result of friction between sinking solid particles and static water. The suspension force is related to the seepage force but they have opposite directions. Both forces form flow networks. Having explained the suspension force, the paper describes how this influences the movement of material, particularly in debris flows. Enigmatic features and the mechanism of debris flows and lahars are explained by virtue of the suspension force. Electronic Publication  相似文献   
72.
Ⅰ线光致抗蚀剂可以同时实用电子束和光学系统曝光,在50kV加速电压下,其曝光剂量为50-100μC/cm^2,曝光后在0.7%NaOH溶液内显影1分钟。其灵敏度比PMMA快5倍,分辩率为0.5μm。采用两方法制备CaAsPHEMT:一种用Ⅰ线光致抗蚀剂,对源、漏及栅全部都采用电子束曝光,制备了0.5μm栅长的GaAs PHEMT;另一种将源、漏及栅分割成两部分,其中精细部分由电子束曝光,其余部分由光学系统曝光,用这种方法制备了0.25μm栅长的GaAs PHEMT。Ⅰ  相似文献   
73.
Tensile experiments have been performed on specimens of four different investment-cast TiAl-based alloys with variations in casting conditions. The average ductilities obtained in these experiments vary between approximately 0.8 to 2.0 pct plastic strain to failure in tension. By using the three-parameter form of the Weibull relation, with the 0.2 pct offset yield strength as the minimum failure strength, the resulting variability in the data can be quantified and is found to be similar for those alloys with similar microstructural scale (grain size). Large variations in lamellar volume fraction, segregation, and phase distribution have a minor influence on property variability, compared to changes in the scale of the grain structure caused by either variations in cooling rate during casting or the addition of grain refiners.  相似文献   
74.
采用HF HNO3溶液化学腐蚀 ,在硅片上制备减反射效果优良的多孔硅太阳电池减反射膜 ,借助原子力显微镜 (AFM)和X光电子谱 (XPS)对其表面形貌和成分进行观察 ,发现该膜与电化学阳极腐蚀得到的多孔硅具有相似性 ,其主要成分为非化学配比的硅的氧化物SiOx(X <2 )。采用带积分球的光度分光计 ,测得形成多孔硅减反射膜后 ,硅片表面反射率大大下降 ,,在波长 330~ 80 0nm范围反射率只有 1 5~ 2 9%。研究指出这种强减反射作用 ,与多孔硅具有合适的折射率及其多孔特性的光陷阱作用有关  相似文献   
75.
We consider the problem of rescheduling trains in the case where one track of a railway section consisting of two tracks in opposing directions is closed due to construction activities. After presenting an appropriate model for this situation we derive a polynomial algorithm for the subproblem of finding an optimal schedule with minimal latenesss if the subsequences of trains for both directions outside the construction site are fixed. Based on this algorithm we propose a local search procedure for the general problem of finding good schedules and report test results for some real world instances. Received: December 8, 1999 / Accepted: May 2, 2001  相似文献   
76.
水蒸汽喷射泵系统实用设计软件的开发   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文在Turboc环境下开发了多级蒸汽喷射泵系统的设计软件,该软件包括了压缩比优化分配、单级喷射泵结构尺寸设计和冷凝器的结构尺寸设计等内容,使设计人员能够根据具体的工艺条件,快速地完成多级喷射泵系统的设计,对于提高多级喷射泵系统的工作稳定性、节省能源具有实际意义。  相似文献   
77.
Three interesterified vegetable oils (IVOs) prepared from palm, cottonseed, and olive oil, respectively, have been studied for application to Frankfurters. Beef fat (10%) was replaced by one of the IVOs at 20, 60 or 100%. Fatty acid composition of the lipid fraction in the Frankfurters and saturated/unsaturated ratios were established for all batches. We found that total or partial replacement of beef fat by IVOs did not lead to significant changes in appearance, colour, texture, flavour or sensory score. We conclude that IVOs may be successfully applied as beef fat substitutes in Frankfurters.  相似文献   
78.
This study empirically examined the organisational learning effects of the nonfinancial performance information provided by management accounting information systems (MAISs) under advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). In this study, a target costing system and the frequent and quick reporting of information were considered the facilitators of learning. First, we examined the relationships between AMT level and the amount of nonfinancial performance information produced by MAISs. The empirical results showed that there are significant positive relationships between the level of AMT and nonfinancial performance information. With a systems approach, we also proved the impact of the relationships among AMT levels, nonfinancial performance information and learning facilitators on the organisational performance of a firm. The results of our research suggest that under a high level of AMT, for the provision of information to result in an increase of performance through organisational learning, a target costing system must be introduced and a large amount of information should be provided frequently and quickly. The results of this study also showed that although AMT level may be low, fairly well-arranged facilitators and a moderately large amount of information may be necessary for the improvement of performance. In conclusion, effective organisational learning depends on the provision of relevant information as well as efficient learning support mechanisms.  相似文献   
79.
80.
As opposed to quantitative association rule mining, fuzzy association rule mining is said to prevent the overestimation of boundary cases, as can be shown by small examples. Rule mining, however, becomes interesting in large databases, where the problem of boundary cases is less apparent and can be further suppressed by using sensible partitioning methods. A data-driven approach is used to investigate if there is a significant difference between quantitative and fuzzy association rules in large databases. The influence of the choice of a particular triangular norm in this respect is also examined.  相似文献   
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