Practical evaluation of encrypted traffic classification based on a combined method of entropy estimation and neural networks

Encrypted traffic classification plays a vital role in cybersecurity as network traffic encryption becomes prevalent. First, we briefly introduce three traffic encryption mechanisms: IPsec, SSL/TLS, and SRTP. After evaluating the performances of support vector machine, random forest, naïve Bayes, and logistic regression for traffic classification, we propose the combined approach of entropy estimation and artificial neural networks. First, network traffic is classified as encrypted or plaintext with entropy estimation. Encrypted traffic is then further classified using neural networks. We propose using traffic packet’s sizes, packet's inter‐arrival time, and direction as the neural network's input. Our combined approach was evaluated with the dataset obtained from the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity. Results show an improved precision (from 1 to 7 percentage points), and some application classification metrics improved nearly by 30 percentage points.     

Lightweight,Superelastic Boron Nitride/Polydimethylsiloxane Foam as Air Dielectric Substitute for Multifunctional Capacitive Sensor Applications

Porous polymeric foams as dielectric layer for highly sensitive capacitive based pressure sensors have been extensively explored owing to their excellent flexibility and elasticity. Despite intensive efforts, most of previously reported porous polymer foams still suffer from difficulty in further lowering the attainable density limit of ≈0.1 g cm^?3 while retaining high sensitivity and compressibility due to the limitations on existing fabrication techniques and materials. Herein, utilizing 3D interconnected networks of few‐layer hexagonal boron nitride foams (h‐BNFs) as supporting frameworks, lightweight and highly porous BN/polydimethylsiloxane composite foams (BNF@PDMS) with densities reaching as low as 15 mg cm^?3 and permittivity close to that of air are fabricated. This is the lightest PDMS‐based foam reported to date. Owing to the synergistic effects between BN and PDMS, these lightweight composite foams possess excellent mechanical resilience, extremely high compressibility (up to 95% strain), good cyclic performance, and superelasticity. Being electrically nonconductive, the potential application of BNF@PDMS as a dielectric layer for capacitive sensors is further demonstrated. Remarkably, the as‐fabricated device can perform multiple sensing functions such as noncontact touch sensor, environmental monitoring sensor, and high sensitivity pressure sensor that can detect extremely low pressures of below 1 Pa.     

Nanoneedle Platforms: The Many Ways to Pierce the Cell Membrane

Establishing techniques to efficiently and nondestructively access the intracellular milieu is essential for many biomedical and scientific applications, ranging from drug delivery, to electrical recording, to biochemical detection. Cell penetration using nanoneedle arrays is currently a research focus area because it not only meets the increasing therapeutic demands of cell modifications and genome editing, but also provides an ideal platform for tracking long‐term intracellular information. Although the precise mechanism driving membrane penetration by nanoneedle arrays is still unclear, the low cytotoxicity, wide range of delivered materials, diverse cell type targets, and simple material structures of nanoneedle arrays make these splendid platforms for cell access. Here, the recent progress in this field is reviewed by examining device architectures and discussing mechanisms for nanoneedle penetration, and the major studies demonstrating the most general applicability of nanoneedle arrays, typical methodologies to access the intracellular environment using nanoneedles with spontaneous or assisted penetration modes, as well as biosafety aspects are presented. This review should be valuable for deeply understanding the materials fabrication principles, device designs, cell penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and application strategies of nanoneedle array‐based systems that are of crucial importance for the development of future practical biomedical platforms.     

基于USB2.0与CPLD的光刻机底面对准系统设计

介绍了光刻机底面对准系统的基本原理,并分析了传统底面对准系统存在的缺点,给出了基于USB2.0与CPLD的光刻机底面对准新系统的设计方案。论述了系统硬件和软件的实现,并对其中的关键模块进行了深入分析。与传统底面对准系统相比,该对准系统成本降低约70%,同时,系统的可靠性大幅提高。实验表明,该系统的底面对准精度达到0.25μm,满足系统设计要求。     

某型限制性导爆索高温适应性研究

针对空间飞行器极限高温需求,对当前制式限制性导爆索(CDF)从包覆材料、装药直径及装药工艺3个方面进行了高温适应性验证及研究。结果表明:通过采用高熔点包覆层材料、适度增大导爆索索心直径,以及对初始装药银管进行高温烘烤预处理,可显著提高CDF耐215℃/24h性能,其爆速约7 012m/s,满足爆轰能量稳定传递要求。     

大国竞争战略下美国精确打击武器发展分析

美国军事战略转向大国竞争后,加速推动精确打击武器领域发展的态势,同时,调整和创新了强对抗作战环境下的精确打击作战思想。针对上述情况,分析了影响精确打击作战的齐射竞争、马赛克战等重点作战概念,总结了未来精确打击武器作战任务定位。分析并推测了美国2035年代精确打击武器型谱布局,按精确打击武器型号能力发展和精确打击武器关键技术发展与应用两方面,分别总结了未来的发展方向与特点。     

分布式发电并网系统综述

随着分布式发电(Distributed Generation)应用的增加,越来越多的分布式发电正在接入电网,由此带来的并网问题日益重要:并网系统(包括硬件和软件)主要用来连接分布式发电和电网(通常是本地电网),本文主要讨论了分布式发电与电网之间的并网类型,并网系统的分类、功能、主要结构及采取的控制方法,并简要介绍了现有的分布式发电并网导则。     

论液晶电视机在音视频安规认证中的注意事项及改进方法

在液晶电视机的型式试验中经常遇到产品不符合标准要求的问题,这些问题会对用户的人身安全造成侵害。针对液晶电视机安规认证中常见的发热、防触电结构、接触电流和拔出插头放电量试验、电气间隙和爬电距离以及防火等问题,文章对标准进行深入解读并探讨相应的解决方案。     

电源适配器能效检测实例分析

利用能效测试系统对不同的电源适配器样品进行检测,对检测的结果进行不确定度评估和分析。结果表明,在检测过程中要注意控制小功耗条件下的测量不确定度。     

Hemoglobin‐CdTe‐CaCO3@Polyelectrolytes 3D Architecture: Fabrication,Characterization, and Application in Biosensing

A Hemoglobin‐CdTe‐CaCO₃@polyelectrolyte 3D architecture is synthesized by a stepwise layer‐by‐layer method and is further used to fabricate an electrochemistry biosensor. While the calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) microsphere acts as an effective host for the loading of cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots due to its channel‐like structure, the polyelectrolyte layers further increase the loading amount and help in the formation of a thick and uniform quantum‐dot “shell”, which not only improves the stability of the spheres in water, but also contributes to the fast and effective direct electron transfer between the protein redox center and the macroscopic electrode. The materials are characterized and compared, and the possible mechanism for the direct electrochemistry phenomenon is hypothesized. Our work not only provides a facile and effective route for the preparation of quantum‐dot‐loaded spheres, but also sets an example of how the structure of functional materials can be tuned and related to their applications. In addition, it is one of the few examples of using CaCO₃ microspheres in quantum‐dot loading and biosensing.