Synergistic activation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase by phosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid

CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase present in rat liver cytosol was activated almost 30-fold when assayed in the presence of liposomes containing 60 mole % dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). During the assay, some of the DOPE was degraded to lysoPE and oleic acid. Whereas cytidylyltransferase activity was not affected when assayed in the presence of liposomes containing lysoPE, liposomes containing oleic acid activated the enzyme. Activation by oleic acid could be eliminated by the addition of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the assay. When cytidylyltransferase activity was measured in the presence of both BSA and liposomes containing DOPE, enzyme activity was increased almost 20-fold, as compared with assays performed in the absence of added lipid. The 1.5-fold difference in cytidylyltransferase activity observed when cytosol was assayed with DOPE containing liposomes in the absence or presence of BSA (30-fold stimulation vs 20-fold stimulation) cannot be explained by the loss of activation attributable to oleic acid alone. Activation of the enzyme in the presence of liposomes containing DOPE and oleic acid is several-fold greater than the sum of the activations caused by the individual compounds. These data suggest that PE and oleic acid act synergistically in activating the cytidylyltranferase.     

运用SPIN对开放授权协议OAuth 2.0的分析与验证

OAuth 2.0协议是一种开放授权协议,主要用于解决用户账号关联与资源共享问题。但是,其弱安全性导致各网络公司海量用户信息泄露,且OAuth 2.0传输数据采用的https通道效率低下,成为黑客攻击对象。提出采用http通道传输OAuth 2.0协议数据,基于Promale语言及Dolev-Yao攻击者模型对OAuth 2.0协议建模,运用SPIN进行模型检测。形式化分析结果表明,采用公钥加密体系对OAuth 2.0协议进行加密不安全。上述建模方法对类似的授权协议形式化分析有重要借鉴意义。     

色氨酸抑制体外模型中晚期糖基化终末产物形成机理

食源性晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)与多种慢性疾病密切相关,尤其是糖尿病和肾脏疾病.为减少AGEs对机体的健康风险,降低食品中AGEs含量,本研究从13种氨基酸中筛选出具有良好AGEs抑制效果的色氨酸(tryptophan,Trp),利用牛血清白蛋白(bo...     

亲水胶体对海绵蛋糕中晚期糖基化终末产物的抑制作用

为探究亲水胶体对晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end products,AGEs）生成的抑制作用,首先采用牛血清白蛋白（bovine albumin,BSA）-果糖、BSA-葡萄糖、BSA-丙酮醛（methylglyoxal,MGO）、BSA-乙二醛4 个化学模型,考察9 种经典亲水胶体在化学模型中的抗糖基化能力,筛选出抑制效果最佳的海藻酸（alginic acid,ALA）和黄原胶（xanthan gum,XG）作为研究对象,探究不同亲水胶体添加量（0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%）及烘焙温度、时间对海绵蛋糕品质属性、AGEs形成和蛋白氧化产物的影响。明确最佳烘焙温度和时间为180 ℃、40 min,在此条件下分别添加0.5% ALA或2.0% XG能够显著降低海绵蛋糕中的荧光AGEs、非荧光AGEs和蛋白氧化产物含量。同时,ALA和XG的添加能够改善蛋糕的质构,提高蛋糕的水分含量。ALA和XG是一类很有前途的天然AGEs抑制剂,可以在烘焙之前添加至原料中,以减少烘焙食品中AGEs的生成。     

大豆分离蛋白-茶皂素复合乳化剂制备山茶油纳米乳液及其性质研究

为提高山茶油稳定性、减少化学合成乳化剂使用量,本研究主要采用微射流高压均质技术,利用大豆分离蛋白(Soy Protein Isolate,SPI)与茶皂素(Tea Saponin,TS)作为复合乳化剂制备山茶油纳米乳液。研究了茶皂素与大豆分离蛋白比例、复合乳化剂质量分数、山茶油质量分数、均质压力对山茶油纳米乳液的平均粒径、多分散性指数(Polydispersity Index,PDI)、ζ-电位、浊度等性质的影响。结果表明,山茶油纳米乳液的最佳制备工艺参数为:茶皂素与大豆分离蛋白比例为2:1,复合乳化剂质量分数为3%,山茶油质量分数为10%,均质压力为100 MPa,得到山茶油纳米乳液的平均粒径为(198.800±1.558) nm,PDI为(0.140±0.017),ζ-电位为(-53.600±0.497) mV,浊度为(3661.224±45.996) cm^-1。透射电镜观测结果表明,山茶油被包埋于复合乳化剂中且均匀分布在乳液体系中。流变特性研究表明,山茶油纳米乳液具有良好的动力学稳定性。储存稳定性表明,复合乳化剂稳定的山茶油纳米乳液在4、25、50 ℃下具有良好的储藏稳定性。     

大种量流加式高体积分数乙醇发酵工艺的研究

间歇式高体积分数乙醇发酵工艺存在残总糖高、糖醇转化率低的问题。通过对残总糖组成分析发现,糊精和还原糖质量浓度随拌料质量浓度的变大而逐步上升。结合文献分析可知,糊精和还原糖量较高的原因主要与糖化酶活力和酵母对糖的利用能力有关。为了解决这一问题,采用大种量流加式高体积分数乙醇发酵工艺,并对接种量、初始流加时间、流加时长和流加方式进行了优化。结果表明,当接种量（体积分数）为30%,培养8 h后开始流加,流加时长为20 h,且采用匀速的方式流加时,乙醇发酵结果最优。与间歇式高体积分数乙醇发酵工艺比较,残糖降低了6.5 g/L,糖醇转化率提高了3.2%。     

保健杨梅酒的工艺改进研究

通过使用现代提取分离设备,添加天然澄清剂,离心除杂;添加天然红曲色素、高纯度甜味绞股蓝总皂甙、柠檬酸进行科学勾兑,并采用正交试验筛选最佳的勾兑物含量,优选组合使用量,按筛选出的澄清剂浓度吸附杨梅酒沉淀物,高速离心去掉沉淀;使用超声波和层析装置分离红曲霉色素,甜味绞股蓝人参皂甙;正交试验勾兑得到最佳产品配方组合,即绞股蓝皂甙添加量为0.01%,柠檬酸添加量为0.2%,红曲色素添加量为1 mg/mL。     

风鸭腌制新技术

采用正交试验设计，探讨了蛋白酶种类、腌制时间、腌制温度对风鸭风味和游离氨基酸产生，及亚硝酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠、乳酸用量和腌制时间对风鸭发色的影响。结果表明，蛋白酶种类、腌制时间、腌制温度对风鸭风味及游离氨基酸产生，及亚硝酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠、乳酸用量和腌制时间对风鸭的发色，均有显著性的影响。其最佳腌制条件：蛋白酶种类为毛霉蛋白酶 青霉蛋白酶 木瓜蛋白酶，腌制时间5h，腌制温度18℃，亚销酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠和乳酸用量分别为100mg/kg、300mg/kg和250mg/kg。     

Role of attachment to surfaces on the prevalence and survival of Campylobacter through food systems

Campylobacter continues to be one of the bacterial pathogens most frequently associated with human gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Because Campylobacter primarily colonizes the intestines of animals used for food production, food products of animal origin can become contaminated with this pathogen and thus represent a significant risk factor. Despite application of numerous physical and chemical interventions to control Campylobacter during food processing, the high isolation rate of this pathogen from some retail meat products indicates that Campylobacter is able to persist from animal slaughterhouses through food systems. Given the fastidious growth requirements and high susceptibility of this pathogen to environmental conditions, the ability of Campylobacter to attach to food and food-related surfaces is likely to play an important role in food contamination and movement through food systems. This review was compiled to (i) describe how the attachment of Campylobacter to surfaces influences the prevalence and survival of the organism through food systems, (ii) examine the potential factors affecting the ability of Campylobacter to attach to surfaces, and (iii) suggest strategies for controlling this attachment process.     

“米邦塔”仙人掌饮料加工工艺研究

以新鲜“米邦塔”仙人掌茎为原料，对仙人掌饮料的加工工艺进行了初步探讨。结果表明在85～90℃的温度下，将仙人掌热烫1min，加入淀粉酶打浆制汁。10％仙人掌原汁中添加0．10％抗坏血酸和0．05％柠檬酸护色．4．5％的白砂糖、0．01％蛋白糖、0．10％柠檬酸、0．01％黄原胶、0．20％海藻酸钠、0．30％柠檬香精以及0．05％山梨酸钾进行调配．可做出色、香、味、形俱佳的仙人掌饮料。