A panoramic view of Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes synthesis,structural aspects and practical challenges for all-solid-state lithium batteries

The development of an inorganic electrochemical stable solid-state electrolyte is essentially responsible for future state-of-the-art all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Because of their advantages in safety, working temperature, high energy density, and packaging, ASSLBs can develop an ideal energy storage system for modern electric vehicles (EVs). A solid electrolyte (SE) model must have an economical synthesis approach, exhibit electrochemical and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance. Owing to its highest conductivity of 17 mS·cm^-1, and deformability, the sulfide-based Li₇P₃S₁₁ solid electrolyte is a promising contender for the high-performance bulk type of ASSLBs. Herein, we present a current glimpse of the progress of synthetic procedures, structural aspects, and ionic conductivity improvement strategies. Structural elucidation and mechanistic approaches have been extensively discussed by using various characterization techniques. The chemical stability of Li₇P₃S₁₁ could be enhanced via oxide doping, and hard and soft acid/base (HSAB) concepts are also discussed. The issues to be undertaken for designing the ideal solid electrolytes, interfacial challenges, and high energy density have been discoursed. This review aims to provide a bird's eye view of the recent development of Li₇P₃S₁₁-based solid-state electrolyte applications and explore the strategies for designing new solid electrolytes with a target-oriented approach to enhance the efficiency of high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

基于VMD和PSO-SVM模型的和应涌流识别

针对目前和应涌流识别方法较少的情况,使用VMD对励磁涌流与和应涌流电流信号进行分解.对VMD分解后的各本征模态分量求样本熵值组成特征向量,将特征向量输入PSO-SVM识别模型进行分类.通过实验验证,涌流信号样本熵值组成特征向量能很好地反映两种涌流的区别,使用PSO优化参数后的SVM模型能对两种涌流进行高效准确的识别,为保护装置下一步针对性动作提供了重要依据.     

Simulated Microgravity Inhibits the Proliferation of Chang Liver Cells by Attenuation of the Major Cell Cycle Regulators and Cytoskeletal Proteins

Simulated microgravity (SMG) induced the changes in cell proliferation and cytoskeleton organization, which plays an important factor in various cellular processes. The inhibition in cell cycle progression has been considered to be one of the main causes of proliferation inhibition in cells under SMG, but their mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SMG on the proliferative ability and cytoskeleton changes of Chang Liver Cells (CCL-13). CCL-13 cells were induced SMG by 3D clinostat for 72 h, while the control group were treated in normal gravity at the same time. The results showed that SMG reduced CCL-13 cell proliferation by an increase in the number of CCL-13 cells in G0/G1 phase. This cell cycle phase arrest of CCL-13 cells was due to a downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as cyclin A1 and A2, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6). SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells also exhibited a downregulation of α-tubulin 3 and β-actin which induced the cytoskeleton reorganization. These results suggested that the inhibited proliferation of SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells could be associate with the attenuation of major cell cycle regulators and main cytoskeletal proteins.     

基于容量参数的二次电池嵌入型电极材料固相扩散系数的测定方法

介绍了一种以容量参数为主变量的测定锂二次电池中电极材料固相扩散系数的方法.该方法只需颗粒半径这一辅助参数,通过球型扩散模型建立了恒流-恒压充电容量(RPG)比,进一步发展成为容量间歇滴定技术(CITT).采用RPG法可在较宽的电压范围内测定嵌入型电极材料的平均固相扩散系数,实验结果重现性好.由RPG法测得0～1.5 V时锂离子在石墨电极中的平均固相扩散系数值为1.055×10-10cm2/s.由CITT技术测得锂离子在LiMn2 O4中的固相扩散系数在3.95 V和4.12 V左右存在个两个极小峰,且随着循环次数的增加,扩散系数值逐渐增大.     

原位TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其力学性能

对原位反应合成TiB2／A356铝基复合材料微观组织和力学拉伸性能进行了研究。结果表明，原位反应生成的颗粒增强相在复合材料基体中分布均匀，基体与颗粒间的界面洁净。复合材料强度随着颗粒含量的增加显著提高，与基体合金相比，TiB2质量分数为8％的TiB2／A356复合材料强度和弹性模量的提高幅度约为28％，TiB2质量分数为16％的TiB2／A356复合材料强度和弹性模量的提高幅度约为35％。复合材料的断裂主要是由于基体与颗粒界面脱粘，在拉伸应力作用下由此萌生微裂纹并扩展，导致界面处的基体撕裂，从而降低复合材料塑性。     

Long-term performance of cement paste during combined calcium leaching-sulfate attack: kinetics and size effect

This paper presents experimental results obtained on cement paste samples (water/cement ratio of 0.4) subjected to a low-concentration (15 mmol/l) external sulfate attack during several weeks. Chemical and microstructural analyses include the continuous monitoring of calcium loss and sulfate consumption within the cement paste, periodic layer by layer X-ray diffraction (XRD)/energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses of the solid constituents of the cement matrix (ettringite, portlandite, gypsum) within the calcium-depleted part of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and visual observations are used to follow the crack pattern evolution during the external sulfate attack. The relation between the size of the specimen and crack initiation/development is investigated experimentally by performing tests on samples with different thickness/diameter ratios.     

Hydrogen sorption sites in the gallium containing hybrid catalysts used for the aromatization of light alkanes

Gallium species which were incorporated initially in the oxide form, were all in the (+3) oxidation state in the hybrid catalyst and exhibited two types of hydrogen chemisorption sites, s_hw and s_hs. The stronger sorption sites shs which predominated at higher gallium dispersion, corresponded probably to the most effective surface configuration for gallium in the aromatization ofn-butane.     

Sintering of Pt/Al2O3 reforming catalysts: EXAFS study of the behavior of metal particles under oxidizing atmosphere

The effect of an oxidative atmosphere (300 °C) is studied on fresh and sintered unchlorinated naphtha reforming catalysts containing 0.6–1% Pt. The TPR profiles show that only one species is formed using our experimental conditions, regardless of the mean crystallite size of the metal particles. The structural information supplied by EXAFS compared with cuboctahedral particle modeling, implies that such species is a surface platinum oxide, the structure of which is close to that of PtO₂, but largely distorted. This is true whether the catalyst is sintered or not.     

Objective classification of vehicle seat discomfort

The objective of this study was to identify how physiological measures relate to self-reported vehicle seating discomfort. Twelve subjects of varied anthropometric characteristics were enrolled in the study. Subjects sat in two seats over a 2-h period and were evaluated via three physiological measures (near-infrared spectroscopy, electromyography and pressure mapping) yielding six testing sessions. Subjective discomfort surveys were recorded before and after each session for nine regions of the body. Conditional classification discomfort models were developed through dichotomised physiological responses and anthropometry to predict subjective discomfort in specific body locations. Models revealed that subjects taller than 171 cm with reduced blood oxygenation in the biceps femoris or constant, low-level muscle activity in the trapezius tended to report discomfort in the lower extremities or neck, respectively. Subjects weighing less than 58 kg with reduced blood oxygenation in the biceps femoris or unevenly distributed pressure patterns tended to report discomfort in the buttocks. The sensitivities and specificities of cross-validated models ranged between 0.69 and 1.00.     

Effects of physical refining on contents of waxes and fatty alcohols of refined olive oil

Changes in the contents of waxes and fatty alcohols during deodorization/physical refining of bleached olive oil were studied. Experiments were carried out with 1.85% acidity oil, which was physically refined in a discontinuous deodorizer of 250-kg maximum capacity using nitrogen as stripping gas instead of steam. The variables studied were load and temperature of oil in the deodorizer as well as N₂ flow. Analyses of waxes and alcohols were carried out at different operation times. The maximum content of wax was always observed when the oil reached the deodorization temperature. The variation in the wax content depended on temperature and N₂ flow. Wax decomposition started and continued during the operating time, and a progressive decrease, which was pronounced between 3 and 4 h, was observed. Small changes in waxes were observed between 4 and 5 h. Total content of fatty alcohols diminished throughout the operating time, and changes did not depend on the variables studied.