Marital power, marital adjustment, and therapy outcome.

This study examined the association of marital power type to (1) marital adjustment and (2) response to behavioral marital therapy. A behavioral measure was used to classify 53 distressed couples into egalitarian, husband-dominant, wife-dominant, or anarchic power patterns. Marital adjustment was assessed by measures of marital satisfaction, desired relationship change, and 2 communication indexes. At pretreatment, egalitarian couples showed the best overall marital adjustment, and anarchic couples showed the worst; at posttreatment, egalitarian and wife-led couples reported the highest marital satisfaction, and anarchic couples reported the lowest. Wife dominant couples improved the most, reporting increased marital satisfaction and demonstrating improved communication. The discussion considers the special treatment needs of anarchic couples for whom improved communication occurred in a context of continued marital dissatisfaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Subtyping versus subgrouping processes in stereotype representation.

Participants were instructed to organize information about group members either by distinguishing stereotype-consistent from stereotype-inconsistent individuals (subtyping instructions), by dividing the individuals into multiple groups on the basis of similarities and differences (subgrouping instructions), or with no explicit organizing instructions. Participants given the subtyping instructions showed greater perceived stereotypicality and homogeneity and perceived a greater difference in how typical the confirming versus disconfirming group members were, relative to subgroup participants. Study 2 demonstrated natural variation among participants in the perceived atypicality of the disconfirming relative to confirming individuals when learning about a gay activist group. Atypicality predicted perceptions of this group, even when prejudice and strength of stereotyping toward gays as a whole were statistically controlled. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The History of Curriculum or Curriculum History? What is the Field and Who Gets to Play on it?

The field of curriculum history is a relatively recent phenomenon in the study of education. How the genesis of the field has been reviewed and constructed by historians is reflective of the ways in which the field constructs the objects of study that comprise its content and emphases. This paper explores some of the tensions inherent to labelling and describing the construction of the curriculum history field within the contexts of Australian, English and New Zealand academies. I argue that while tensions exist within the ways in which curriculum history has been constructed in different national contexts, these tensions contribute to similar erasures of who and what is studied through the historical lenses employed. Attention to these blindspots that currently characterize the field requires a methodological shift in historiography that combines the multiplicity of perspectives that some poststructural theories enable with structural concerns over traditional and continuing forms of group oppression.     

On the Implication of Water on Fragment‐to‐Ligand Growth in Kinase Binding Thermodynamics

A ligand‐binding study is presented focusing on thermodynamics of fragment expansion. The binding of four compounds with increasing molecular weight to protein kinase A (PKA) was analyzed. The ligands display affinities between low‐micromolar to nanomolar potency despite their low molecular weight. Binding free energies were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry, revealing a trend toward more entropic and less enthalpic binding with increase in molecular weight. All protein–ligand complexes were analyzed by crystallography and solution NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures and solution NMR data are highly consistent, and no major differences in complex dynamics across the series are observed that would explain the differences in the thermodynamic profiles. Instead, the thermodynamic trends result either from differences in the solvation patterns of the conformationally more flexible ligand in aqueous solution prior to protein binding as molecular dynamics simulations suggest, or from local shifts of the water structure in the ligand‐bound state. Our data thus provide evidence that changes in the solvation pattern constitute an important parameter for the understanding of thermodynamic data in protein–ligand complex formation.     

Bewertung der GMX/Mailvelope-Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung

Ende-zu-Ende-verschlüsselte E-Mail-Kommunikation hat seit den Veröffentlichungen von Edward Snowden erneut an Bedeutung gewonnen. Obwohl die entsprechenden Möglichkeiten seit mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten gegeben sind, sind die technischen Umsetzungen für Endanwender häufig schwer zugänglich. Ein wesentlicher Grund dafür ist, wie Studien belegen, deren Nutzerschnittstelle. Mit Mailvelope versuchen die Anbieter GMX und WEB.DE derzeit, Ende-zu-Ende-verschlüsselte E-Mail-Kommunikation in ihren gewohnten Benutzerschnittstellen zu integrieren. Zur Bewertung dieses Ansatzes wurden ein Cognitive Walkthrough durchgeführt und die Sicherheit des Ansatzes bewertet.     

Attitudes towards software piracy in South Africa: Knowledge of Intellectual Property Laws as a moderator

The aims of the study were to describe the relationship between all three of Kohlberg's levels of moral development and attitudes towards software piracy as well as to determine if an individual's Knowledge of Intellectual Property Laws moderated this relationship. The research exploring moral development and attitudes towards software piracy is limited in that the results are inconclusive and often do not assess higher levels of moral development. In this study, we explore some of the early antecedent relationships in the theory of reasoned action. An exploratory, non-experimental, cross-sectional survey design was used and a questionnaire containing three scales (attitudes towards software piracy, levels of moral development and Knowledge of Intellectual Property Laws) were obtained from a sample of 402 respondents from three medium-sized South African organisations and from an online survey on a prominent South African online information technology magazine. The results indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between the respondents’ attitudes to software piracy and levels of moral development. Additionally, there are significant relationships between attitudes towards software piracy and each of the levels of moral development. Level 2 moral development predicted the most amount of variance in attitudes towards software piracy. The moderated multiple linear regression revealed that the Knowledge of Intellectual Property Laws did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between attitudes towards software piracy and moral development. These findings provide a more in-depth analysis of the relationship between attitudes and levels of moral development with respect to software piracy.     

Injury control. A crucial aspect of emergency medicine

We have briefly described the theoretic and strategic concepts of injury control and suggested ways for emergency medicine to be more broadly involved. It is not enough for emergency physicians to be active solely in the acute management of injured patients. Emergency physicians need to "look upstream" and balance their focus on the acute management of injuries with a focus on the prevention of injuries.