基于位置的稀疏群体查询

在基于位置的社交网络中,找到一个特殊的群体/社区是非常重要的.现在的研究都集中于寻找群体之间关系紧密的密集子图.相对于紧密的群体/子图,对于稀疏群的研究少之又少.虽然现有工作开始研究稀疏群体查询问题,但是还没有研究基于位置的稀疏群体查询问题,而基于位置的服务在现实生活中有很多需求.因此,研究基于位置的稀疏群查询的问题变得有研究价值.基于位置的稀疏群体查询是为了找到一群用户,不仅用户之间满足一定的稀疏性(即用户之间的社交距离大于k),且最小化用户到查询位置的距离和.针对这个问题,首先提出基于c-邻居的基本处理算法(简称baseline),其主要利用存储的c-邻居信息以及距离剪枝来帮助快速获得查询结果.但是baseline算法的空间消耗太大,且在稀疏阈值参数k>c时查询效率不高.为了解决这些问题,进一步提出基于c-邻居和反向c-邻居的查询优化算法(简称ICN),不仅利用存储的c-邻居且利用反向c-邻居信息来处理参数k>c的情况,从而快速获得查询结果.实验结果和理论表明,提出的两种查询处理方法是有效的和正确的.     

Speed and Accuracy Tradeoff for LiDAR Data Based Road Boundary Detection

Road boundary detection is essential for autonomous vehicle localization and decision-making, especially under GPS signal loss and lane discontinuities. For road boundary detection in structural environments, obstacle occlusions and large road curvature are two significant challenges. However, an effective and fast solution for these problems has remained elusive. To solve these problems, a speed and accuracy tradeoff method for LiDAR-based road boundary detection in structured environments is proposed. The proposed method consists of three main stages: 1) a multi-feature based method is applied to extract feature points; 2) a road-segmentation-line-based method is proposed for classifying left and right feature points; 3) an iterative Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is employed for filtering out false points and extracting boundary points. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, KITTI datasets is used for comprehensive experiments, and the performance of our approach is tested under different road conditions. Comprehensive experiments show the road-segmentation-line-based method can classify left, and right feature points on structured curved roads, and the proposed iterative Gaussian Process Regression can extract road boundary points on varied road shapes and traffic conditions. Meanwhile, the proposed road boundary detection method can achieve real-time performance with an average of 70.5 ms per frame.      

面向河流生态完整性的黄河下游生态需水过程研究

提供适宜的生态流量对维护河流健康和支撑人类社会发展具有重要意义。尽管栖息地模拟法物理机制清晰、应用广泛,但对生物群落考虑不足、生命节律信号缺失等问题长期存在。以维护河流土著生物群落完整性为目标,本文将天然水文情势作为参照系统,结合栖息地模拟与水文参照系统特征值,建立了一种面向河流生态完整性的生态需水过程评估方法,兼顾指示物种生存繁衍和土著生物群落基本生存。黄河下游利津断面评估结果显示:利津断面年最小生态需水量119亿m~3,适宜生态需水量130～137亿m~3,涨水期需提供1～2次持续时间不低于7 d、流量不低于1220 m~3/s的高流量脉冲。对比历史实测流量过程与本文生态需水成果,发现利津断面水量充足,但流量过程不满足生态需求。黄河需加强水库群调度,协调径流年际和年内分布,塑造适宜的生态流量过程,并适时塑造高流量脉冲。     

降雨条件下边坡暂态饱和区形成条件与演化特征数值分析

为分析降雨入渗条件下边坡暂态饱和区形成条件与演化特征,开展不同坡度条件下边坡降雨入渗数值模拟计算,分析降雨条件下边坡暂态饱和区形成条件,研究降雨强度、饱和渗透系数、坡度等多因素对边坡暂态饱和区演化特征的影响。研究结果表明,降雨条件下边坡暂态饱和区的形成条件为：①降雨强度大于等于岩土体饱和渗透系数;②降雨入渗进入饱和状态土控制入渗阶段。降雨条件下,降雨入渗影响区、暂态饱和区均持续向下扩展;降雨停止后,地下水位线以上的岩土体孔隙水压力、体积含水气量持续降低,且地下水位线不断升高。降雨强度小于岩土体饱和渗透系数时,降雨入渗影响区扩展速率与降雨强度呈正相关;降雨强度大于等于岩土体饱和渗透系数时,降雨入渗影响区、暂态饱和区扩展速率受降雨强度影响较小。降雨期间,降雨入渗影响区、暂态饱和区扩展速率与饱和渗透系数随深度的变化率δ_kz呈正相关,孔隙水压力峰值与δ_kz呈负相关;降雨停止后,地下水位线、孔隙水压力峰值与δ_kz呈正相关。降雨初期,降雨入渗影响区面积、孔隙水压力峰值与坡度呈正相关;降雨后期及降雨停止后,降雨入渗影响区面积、暂态饱和区面积、地下水位线高度与坡度呈负相关。     

磁性浮板覆盖下干旱区平原水库节水效率分析

针对干旱区平原水库水深浅、风速大、气温高、空气相对湿度低而导致蒸发损失严重的问题,在吐鲁番市胜金乡胜金沟三期水土保持水库进行了一整年不同覆盖面积的带磁性浮板与非磁性浮板覆盖水面来减少水面蒸发的试验,以此来分析相同覆盖面积下带磁性浮板成片整体分布与非磁性浮板分散分布对水库水面蒸发的节水效率。试验结果表明：在气象因素相同的情况下,带磁性浮板分别覆盖水面25％,50％和75％时,蒸发抑制率分别为27.4％,41.5％和59.1％;非磁性浮板分别覆盖水面25％,50％和75％时,蒸发抑制率分别为22.1％,38.1％和57.3％;带磁性浮板比非磁性浮板蒸发抑制率分别提高了5.3％,3.4％和1.8％。可见,带磁性浮板节水效果更加显著,对提高干旱区平原水库水资源的利用效率具有显著意义。     

边界约束对弯曲-伸展元三轴波速试验的影响

利用弯曲-伸展元开展干砂小应变剪切波试验和除气水压缩波试验,研究了三轴试样的不同约束边界对弯曲-伸展元量测剪切波速和压缩波速的影响,并对波速试验结果进行分析。研究结果表明:以干砂为试验对象的剪切波速试验结果介于砂土中剪切波速与边界材料的剪切波速之间,受到约束边界的材质、长度和壁厚的显著影响;而以除气水为试验对象的压缩波速试验结果受样品约束边界的影响较小。在不同约束材质下,剪切波在干砂中的传播速度与约束材料的刚度有关,材料的刚度越小对干砂剪切波速测试结果影响越小。弯曲-伸展元激发频率的相关性与边界约束无关,只与测试材料有关。研究成果有助于获取准确的弯曲-伸展元波速试验结果。     

Logit模型下的道路拥堵收费策略改善效果分析

为探讨拥堵收费策略的改善效果,从出行者的综合成本出发,构建适用于拥堵收费的路阻函数和Logit交通分配模型,探讨拥堵收费下交通出行在路网上的重新分配.并以南京市应天大街高架为例设置了拥堵收费虚拟方案,应用路阻函数和交通分配模型进行分析后得出拥堵收费在交通出行量分布、出行分担率、道路服务水平和行程速度上的改善效果.结果表明:拥堵收费能有效引导交通出行的重新分布,提高路网总体通行效率和服务水平,可以认为拥堵收费对交通的改善具有一定效果,但改善效果和拥堵收费费率不是线性正比关系,本次虚拟收费方案下收费费率为5元/次时可取得最佳改善效果.     

Blind recognition algorithm for IRA codes in noisy environment

For noisy environment, the parity-check matrix of Irregular Repeat-Accumulate(IRA) codes is hard to reconstruct, moreover, the relationships of the large-scale complex interleaver are hard to recover. To solve the problems, a novel blind recognition algorithm is proposed. First, the code's length and synchronization are identified by applying rank criteria. Second, by implementing matrix transformation, the dual vectors of codewords are found. Then, by setting a threshold, the effective parity-check vectors of dual space are selected. According to the sparse characteristics of the IRA codes' parity-check matrix, the parity matrix can be reconstructed with effective parity-check vectors Finally, relationships of the interleaver can be recovered according to the characteristics of IRA codes. Simulation results show that the proposal can be used to estimate IRA codes encoding parameters and complete the blind recognition in the non-cooperative context with noise.     

Performance Comparison of Long-Wave Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Between Dyson Form and Offner Form

In view of the difficulties in traditional long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer which is hard to realize a high signal-to-noise ratio and miniaturization as well under the weak remote sensing signal,Offner convex grating spectrometer and Dyson concave grating spectrometer,both having concentric structure,are designed and analyzed in the band of 8-12 μm. The diffraction angle expressions of the two spectrometers are obtained and the diffraction characteristics are acquired. Both of the spectrometers are designed in Zemax environment under different F-numbers and different grating constants with the same slit,spatial resolution,spectral resolution and detector. The results show that Dyson grating spectrometer possesses the advantages of higher throughput and smaller volume, and Offner grating spectrometer possesses the advantage of more accessible material and the absence of chromatic aberration. The differences between Dyson form and Offner form show that the former is a better choice in the long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer.     

保障个体性能的半盲干扰对齐功率分配方法

针对盲干扰对齐机制平均功率分配导致功率利用率低的问题,提出了一种半盲干扰对齐功率分配算法.在功率受限场景下,该算法能够提高整体性能,同时保障个体性能.首先,分析了功率分配对盲干扰对齐性能的影响;其次,建立了功率受限的盲干扰对齐模型,提出了最大化传输速率同时保护用户个体性能的功率分配目标;最后,为满足目标函数的约束,提出基于回溯梯度下降的功率分配算法.仿真结果表明,相比于平均功率分配,所提算法可以将系统性提高约53％.